Managerial accounting assignment articles

Feb 12, 2018 Managerial accounting assignment articles, best essay writers here -

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Feb 12, 2018 Managerial accounting assignment articles, buying essays online -

Gun Control and assignment articles, Crime Rates: A Comparative Study. Gun control has been an How to creative, issue in the United States of America since it’s founding in 1776. After all, the first shots that were fired in the Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord were an effort by the American colonists to keep the British army from taking the guns from the colonial armory. Even after gaining freedom from British control, the Managerial accounting assignment, American people were obviously still concerned about online their rights to accounting articles own guns. Effective Writing Plan? This can be seen in the 2nd Amendment to the Constitution which says “… the right of the people to keep and Managerial articles, bear arms shall not be infringed. How To Essay? ” Owning guns has been a staple of the conservative portion of America. We will write a custom essay sample.

on Gun Control and Crime Rates: A Comparative Study or any similar. topic specifically for you. More recently however, many have been clamoring for more restrictive gun laws. Assignment? These calls for increased regulation on guns have been from those who perceive guns and gun-owners as potential threats to peace. The pro-gun crowd responds by emphatically stating that they have a right to own guns. With every mass shooting and tragedy that occurs both sides get louder and Poetry school, louder. The debate rages on and on. It is assignment important to ask several questions in this debate. Does gun ownership deter crime or increase crime?

Do states with a higher gun-ownership rate have a lower crime-rate or is it the opposite? Do gun control law have an affect on crime rates? If so, how long does it take a gun control law to affect the brown university, rate of crime? This article aims to answer those questions. The ultimate purpose of this article is to prove that states with looser gun control laws have a lower crime rate and violent crime rate than those with more restrictive gun control laws. A second purpose of articles this paper is to Effective essay business look at the theory of why this may be the case.

The theory that is being proposed herein, is that states who make it easier for Managerial accounting assignment people to own guns legally are states with lower crime rates. To put it simply, the more law-abiding citizens with guns, the you, less crime that occurs. Literature Review Before. Page 2 Gun Control and Crime Rates: A Comparative Study Essay. quoting stats and citing numbers it is essential to look at what both sides are saying about the current gun-control controversy.

It is impossible to get an Managerial accounting assignment, accurate look at Statistics this debate without fairly considering both sides. There have been an articles, inordinate amount of gun related articles published in the last decade or so. That being said it’s not hard to distinguish the two side in this debate. On one side there are the online, traditional conservatives who are in favor of little to no gun-control. On the other side are those who favor a stricter gun control policy. Let us first consider those who speak in Managerial articles, favor of additional gun-control laws. The predominant theory among those who hold this point of view is Statistics university that more guns equals more violence. Consider what Fareed Zakaria had to say in his article entitled “The Case For Gun Control. ” “Gun violence in America is off the chart compared with every other country on the planet. Managerial Accounting Assignment Articles? ” Zakaria says. He goes on Statistics university to compare the Managerial accounting assignment, United States to a few other countries and then finishes the essay business plan, paragraph by Managerial articles stating “… We have many, many more guns. ” Zakaria is not the only person that holds these sentiments.

U. S Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) has had harsh words for assault weapons in the past. Recently, in Geology help, an interview with the New York times she said “How many assault weapons do you need circulating? To have these mass killings is such a blight on everything that America stands for. ” By “mass killings” Feinstein is referring to accounting assignment articles recent tragedies such as the Newtown, CT, shooting which claimed the lives of twenty-six and the Aurora, CO, shooting which claimed twelve. Those who favor tighten gun control point to these examples as proof that more guns makes for more violence and Effective essay, death. Many of them also argue that it is possible for these murderers to go on assignment these deadly rampages because it is too easy for them to get their hands on high-powered guns.

Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) said in Write on paper website, an article in Managerial accounting articles, the Junior Scholastic Journal that, “It’s too easy for Effective essay writing plan criminals, the mentally unstable, and assignment articles, even terrorists to buy dangerous weapons. How To Write A Good Essay? ” He went on to advocate tighter controls on prospective gun-buyers and more thorough background checks. He concluded by saying “People shouldn’t have to live in fear of guns. That’s why I want to accounting make it harder for dangerous people to get hold of college campus map them. ” Many of those who advocate for Managerial accounting assignment more gun-control are not actively trying to write on history restrict the rights of the people. Oftentimes they are just trying to do what they think is best for the nation and accounting assignment, the people as a whole. The other side of the brown university, aisle have arguments that are equally strong. Assignment? One of the most cited studies used to combat further gun control is a book written in 1997 by John Lott entitled “More Guns, Less Crime. ” Throughout this book Lott details how increased gun ownership actually decreases crime rates. He starts by giving examples of how gun-owners used concealed handguns to deter criminals from potentially harming them or their families. He goes on to explain that if criminals know that there may be a cost involved with an attempted crime, then the Statistics brown, criminal is much less likely to engage in that criminal activity. Several other conservative authors have further extrapolated Lott’s study and agreed with his analysis.

As of late, many conservative authors, scholars and columnists have spoken out against accounting assignment articles, increased gun control laws that have resulted because of mass shootings. Statistics Brown University? Erich Pratt, a columnist for U. S News and World Report had this to say, “The president and Managerial assignment, members of Congress are pouncing on Statistics brown university the recent shooting in Connecticut and are trying to exploit it for accounting articles political gain. Sadly, if they get their way, we will see even more of these horrific tragedies. ” He goes on Effective essay writing business plan to explain that most of the shootings that have happened have taken place in “gun-free zones. ” He points out that criminals who want to break the law do not care about Managerial accounting articles signs that tell them that they cannot have guns in a specified areas. The only people who are restricted are law-abiding citizens. He then goes on to give examples of brown university people who stopped potential mass shootings with weapons of their own.

Wayne LaPierre, CEO of the National Rifle Association echoes Pratt. “Gun-control laws have never, and Managerial accounting articles, can never, reduce violent crime. “That’s because anti-gun laws don’t affect criminals, who ignore all laws. Government studies prove it, finding that most criminals get guns through theft or the black market, where gun laws have no effect” says Lapierre in an article published in the New York Times Upfront. The conservative right seems to be quite united in their stand against more gun control. Beyond the rhetoric that both sides hurl at each other, there have been several great studies that have been conducted on writing business the subject of gun control and Managerial articles, crime. Specifically, there are two studies, one by the University of Harvard, called Would Banning Firearms Reduce Murder and Suicide? Another poll conducted by Quinnipiac University, called “Background Checks Could Lead To Gun Confiscation, Many Voters Tell Quinnipiac University National Poll; But 91 Percent Want Universal Gun Checks. ” The study produced by Harvard, which was published in the Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy, is actually a European study that compares several different countries and their varying levels of gun control. After analyzing the How to a good, gun laws in each country the study takes a look at the crime-rate in each country.

The study looks at a total of eighteen countries. Managerial Articles? The results were interesting. The research showed that the nine countries with more restrictive gun control had a combined murder rate that was more than three times higher than the countries that had less restrictive gun control policies. The study’s authors write, “If the mantra ‘more guns equal more death and fewer guns equal less death’ were true, broad cross-national comparisons should show that nations with higher gun ownership per capita consistently have more death. Nations with higher gun ownership rates, however, do not have higher murder or suicide rates than those with lower gun ownership. Indeed many high gun ownership nations have much lower murder rates. ” The poll that was conducted by Quinnipiac University is a little different. Homework Help You? Qunnipiac sent out accounting articles several questions regarding gun control and Write online website, various laws that could be passed or bans that could be introduced. The poll shows that most Americans favor stricter gun control. Specifically, the results show that 91% of assignment Americans favor universal background checks before purchasing guns of any type. This is Poetry assignment interesting considering that recently, American voters said, by a margin of 48%-38% (with the rate among gun owners sitting a a much higher 53%-34%), that the Managerial, government could use extensive background checks to repossess legally owned and acquired guns. Still, the study shows that Americans do generally support more restrictive gun control, including a ban on Write on paper high capacity magazines and a ban on all assault weapons.

Data And Methods Before numbers can be accurately looked at, it is important to define the terms that will be used. When defining gun control The Brady Campaign is one of the most accurate measures of gun control by state. Every year The Brady Campaign gives every state a scorecard. The scale on the scorecard is 0-100. Zero being the least restrictive gun control measures and one hundred being the most restrictive. Points can be scored in several different categories. The categories are: gun dealer regulations, record retention, crime gun identification, owner must report lost/stolen guns, background checks, permit to purchase, ammunition regulation, assault weapons ban, large capacity magazine ban, child safety, guns in public places and Managerial accounting assignment, local control, CCW discretion, no state preemption, and finally, a limit on bulk purchases. These will be the categories that will be considered when comparing the levels of different state’s gun control policies. Another set of terms that must be defined and operationalized is crime-rate. This study will compare not only the Geology help you, overall crime-rate of each of the states, but also the Managerial articles, violent crime-rate. These statistics will pulled from the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

The FBI takes these statistics every year and publishes them for assignment school the public to see. The FBI uses the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR) to accounting obtain their information on Effective essay crime. The UCR is Managerial accounting articles a collection of over 18,000 different city, university/college, county, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement agencies all voluntarily reporting crime to online the program. Crime information can be submitted either to the state branch of UCR or to the federal UCR. In this particular study statistics from the year 2010 will be used. Lastly, population must be defined.

In this study the population of each state will be the Managerial accounting articles, population that was measured in 2010 by the United States Census Bureau. This is to be consistent with the Statistics university, crime-rate statistics, which, as has already been mentioned, are the numbers from 2010. Also, 2010 is the most recent country-wide census that has been conducted by the government. Research Design A total of six states will be compared in this study. Managerial Accounting Assignment? The states will be divided up into assignment high school, three different side-by-side comparisons. The states that will be studied are: Indiana, Illinois, New Jersey, Delaware, Texas and California. Accounting Assignment? Indiana will be compared to Illinois, New Jersey to Delaware and California to Texas. These states were chosen and pair together for three main reasons. First, the gun control laws of the states in each comparison are very different.

For example, California has very strict gun control laws, while Texas has very loose gun control laws. Second, geographical proximity. Illinois and Indiana are neighbors in online, the Mid-West. New Jersey and Delaware border each other on the East Coast and California and Texas are relatively close in the West. Texas and California also both share a border with Mexico which could factor into accounting assignment articles, the crime-rate. Finally, varying sizes, location, population and laws.

In order for this study to be as accurate as possible states of different size, geographical location, total population and specific laws must be measured. For example, Illinois has moderate gun control laws, but they are not nearly as restrictive as California’s, at brown the same time they are not nearly as loose as Indiana’s. The geography has been explained, but to further the point, different areas of the United States have different sub-cultures, by looking at several different states we can see how gun control works in these different sub-cultures. Also, the variable of population comes into play. Each of these states has a different level of population and population density.

Again, by looking at varying levels of population we can see how different levels of Managerial accounting assignment articles gun control affect each state. Obviously states with a much higher population will have more total crimes simply for the fact that it has more people. This will be controlled by measuring the college map, average number of crimes committed per 100,000 persons. Assignment? The varying levels of gun control laws that these states have will be compared and analyzed. Then, the Geology homework you, crime-rates and Managerial accounting, violent crime-rates will be compared and analyzed. The study will be testing to online website see if there is any correlation between the individual state’s gun laws and its crime rate. A second item that will be considered is the effect that gun control laws have had in the states. The crime rate in each state will be measured and Managerial assignment articles, compared for the last ten years the states that have more gun laws this is to see if the gun control legislation has any measurable affect on the state crime-rate. Poetry Assignment? For states that have very loose gun control laws this is done to see if crime was trending down anyway. Managerial? Main Body (Research) First, let’s consider the levels of gun control laws in each of the states that will be compared. The study specifically chose six states that did not have a zero according to The Brady Campaign.

Below is visual representation of each state’s gun control score according to The Brady Campaign. As can be seen Indiana has a score of 4, which is being compared to Illinois’ score of 35. Delaware has a 13 which is being compared to New Jersey’s 72. Finally, California comes in with a nation-high score of website 81 which is being compared to Texas’ score of only 4. Referring to the different categories that are scored on pages 5 and 6. Both California and New Jersey score at Managerial assignment least some points in all categories, Illinois scores in about half of the categories. While Indiana, Texas and Delaware only How to a good creative essay, score in the two most basic categories; Gun Dealer Registration, and Guns In Public Places and Local Control categories. Now that the level of gun control in each state is known, we can now begin the side-by side comparisons. First, let’s consider the Managerial accounting, small states, New Jersey and Delaware. Effective Writing? In 2010 Delaware had a population of 897,934 according to the U. S Census Bureau. That same year Delaware reported an overall crime-rate of 4,077.

2 crimes per 100,000 persons and a violent crime rate of 620. 9 crimes per 100,000 people. Remember that Delaware had the relatively low score of 13 according to The Brady Campaign. In 2010 New Jersey reported a total population of 8,791,894. That same year New Jersey reported an accounting, overall crime rate of 2387.6 crimes per 100,000 persons and a violent crime rate of 307. 7 crimes per website, 100,000 persons. Again, remember that New Jersey had the Managerial assignment articles, high score of 72 on The Brady Campaign scorecard.

Another factor that should be taken into account is the fact that New Jersey has a much higher population than Delaware. This reduces the affect that each crime has on Purchase college campus map the rate per 100,000. Delaware has a much smaller population, so each crime has a significantly higher affect on the crime-rate per 100,000 inhabitants. If you were to look at the number of crimes committed you would see that Delaware reported just 36,686 total crimes compared to New Jersey’s 210,097. Again this is because of the population difference, but since Delaware’s total population is so small compared to New Jersey’s it was important to note. It is also important to note that New Jersey has a much higher percentage of Managerial accounting its population in Write, a metropolitan area than Delaware does. Accounting Assignment? In fact, the FBI reported that, technically, 100% of New Jersey’s population resides in write a good essay on history, a metropolitan area.

Below is a visual representation of the trend of the violent crime-rate per 100,000 persons in both New Jersey and Delaware over the last ten years. Now let’s take a look at the second side-by-side comparison. Managerial Articles? The more medium-sized, mid-western states Indiana and Illinois. In 2010 Indiana had a population of 6,483,802 people according to the U. S Census Bureau. That same year Indiana reported an overall crime-rate of 3,393. 5 crimes per 100,000 persons and a violent crime-rate of essay writing business plan 323. 3 crimes per 100,000 persons. Also in 2010, Illinois had a population of 12,830,632 people. In 2010 Illinois reported an overall crime-rate of Managerial 3,118. 1 crimes per 100,000 persons and assignment school, a violent crime-rate of 444.

9 crimes per persons. It is important to note that, while Indiana’s total crime-rate is higher than that of Illinois, Illinois’ violent crime-rate is substantially higher than Indiana’s. This discrepancy is because Indiana has a higher property crime rate than Illinois, but Illinois has a higher murder rate and aggravated assault rate. Below is a visual representation of the trend of the violent crime-rate per assignment articles, 100,000 persons in both Indiana and Illinois over the last ten years. Online? Last, but not least, let us consider the final side-by-side comparison of accounting articles this study. The final comparison will be between the two larger, western states, California and Texas. Before looking at the numbers from each state it is important to remember two things. First, both of these states border Mexico. Because of the recent problems with illegal immigration and drug trade, the homework, crime rates of both states may be slightly inflated. Second, these two states have distinctly different sub-cultures. California is distinctly more liberal and Texas has a much more independent, conservative flavor.

Now, to Managerial assignment articles the numbers. Online? In 2010 California had a population of 37,253,956 people according to accounting assignment articles the U. S Census Bureau. That same year California reported an overall crime-rate of 3,069. 5 crimes per 100,000 persons and a violent crime-rate of 439. 6 crimes per Effective writing plan, 100,000 persons. In 2010 Texas had a population of accounting 25,145,561 according to homework you the U. Managerial Articles? S Census Bureau.

Also in 2010 Texas reported an overall crime-rate of Statistics university 4,215. 2 crimes per 100,000 persons and a violent crime-rate of 448. 4 crimes per 100,000 persons. Below is a visual representation of the trend of the violent crime-rate per 100,000 persons in both California and Texas over Managerial assignment articles, the last ten years. It would appear that, over time, states with more gun control have considerably less crime. It would be worth someone’s time in the future to look at individual cities in each state and include additional controls for paper map population and population density. Accounting Articles? Also, it may be interesting to see the murder rate for How to each state in comparison to the gun laws. After examining the results there are a few conclusions that can be made.

First of all, it is easy to see that my initial hypotheses were mostly wrong. The only state with loose gun control that had a violent crime-rate lower than the state with tighter gun control was Indiana. Even then, Illinois’ violent crime-rate was trending down and accounting assignment, was rapidly catching up to Indiana’s. Not only that, but Indiana’s overall crime-rate was higher than Illinois’. All of the online, states that had more restrictive gun control laws showed a downward trend in Managerial accounting assignment, violent crime over the given ten-year span.

Texas also showed a consistent downward trend, but both Indiana and Delaware fluctuated to some extent. It is worth noting that all of the states with more gun laws had a higher population than those with fewer gun laws. Either way, this study shows that looser gun laws do not definitively reduce crime.

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The Responsibility of Intellectuals. TWENTY-YEARS AGO, Dwight Macdonald published a series of Managerial, articles in Politics on the responsibility of high school, peoples and, specifically, the responsibility of Managerial accounting assignment articles, intellectuals. I read them as an undergraduate, in the years just after the war, and had occasion to read them again a few months ago. They seem to me to have lost none of their power or persuasiveness. Purchase Paper Campus! Macdonald is concerned with the question of war guilt. He asks the question: To what extent were the German or Japanese people responsible for the atrocities committed by their governments? And, quite properly, he turns the question back to us: To what extent are the British or American people responsible for the vicious terror bombings of civilians, perfected as a technique of warfare by the Western democracies and reaching their culmination in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, surely among the most unspeakable crimes in history. Managerial Accounting Assignment! To an undergraduate in 1945-46—to anyone whose political and moral consciousness had been formed by the horrors of the 1930s, by the war in Ethiopia, the write essay, Russian purge, the “China Incident,” the Spanish Civil War, the Managerial accounting, Nazi atrocities, the Western reaction to these events and, in Statistics brown, part, complicity in them—these questions had particular significance and poignancy. With respect to Managerial articles the responsibility of intellectuals, there are still other, equally disturbing questions.

Intellectuals are in a position to expose the on paper online website, lies of governments, to analyze actions according to their causes and motives and often hidden intentions. In the Western world, at least, they have the Managerial accounting articles, power that comes from political liberty, from access to information and freedom of Statistics brown, expression. For a privileged minority, Western democracy provides the leisure, the facilities, and the training to seek the truth lying hidden behind the veil of distortion and misrepresentation, ideology and class interest, through which the events of Managerial assignment articles, current history are presented to us. Purchase Map! The responsibilities of assignment articles, intellectuals, then, are much deeper than what Macdonald calls the “responsibility of people,” given the unique privileges that intellectuals enjoy. The issues that Macdonald raised are as pertinent today as they were twenty years ago.

We can hardly avoid asking ourselves to what extent the American people bear responsibility for the savage American assault on a largely helpless rural population in Vietnam, still another atrocity in what Asians see as the “Vasco da Gama era” of world history. As for those of high, us who stood by in accounting assignment articles, silence and apathy as this catastrophe slowly took shape over Effective business the past dozen years—on what page of history do we find our proper place? Only the most insensible can escape these questions. I want to return to them, later on, after a few scattered remarks about the responsibility of Managerial accounting articles, intellectuals and Effective plan, how, in practice, they go about meeting this responsibility in the mid-1960s. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY of intellectuals to speak the truth and to expose lies. This, at least, may seem enough of a truism to pass over without comment. Not so, however. Managerial Accounting Assignment Articles! For the modern intellectual, it is not at all obvious. Thus we have Martin Heidegger writing, in a pro-Hitler declaration of assignment, 1933, that “truth is the revelation of that which makes a people certain, clear, and strong in its action and Managerial assignment, knowledge”; it is Effective plan only this kind of “truth” that one has a responsibility to speak. Americans tend to be more forthright.

When Arthur Schlesinger was asked by accounting assignment articles, The New York Times in November, 1965, to explain the contradiction between his published account of the Bay of Pigs incident and the story he had given the How to write creative, press at accounting articles the time of the attack, he simply remarked that he had lied; and essay writing business, a few days later, he went on to compliment the accounting assignment articles, Times for Purchase college paper map also having suppressed information on the planned invasion, in “the national interest,” as this term was defined by the group of arrogant and Managerial accounting articles, deluded men of whom Schlesinger gives such a flattering portrait in his recent account of the Kennedy Administration. It is of no particular interest that one man is quite happy to Statistics brown lie in behalf of Managerial accounting assignment, a cause which he knows to school be unjust; but it is significant that such events provoke so little response in assignment articles, the intellectual community—for example, no one has said that there is Geology help something strange in Managerial, the offer of essay writing, a major chair in the humanities to a historian who feels it to be his duty to persuade the world that an American-sponsored invasion of a nearby country is nothing of the sort. And what of the incredible sequence of lies on the part of our government and its spokesmen concerning such matters as negotiations in Managerial accounting, Vietnam? The facts are known to all who care to know. The press, foreign and domestic, has presented documentation to refute each falsehood as it appears. But the paper, power of the accounting assignment, government’s propaganda apparatus is such that the citizen who does not undertake a research project on the subject can hardly hope to How to write a good essay on history confront government pronouncements with fact. [1] The deceit and distortion surrounding the American invasion of Vietnam is by Managerial assignment, now so familiar that it has lost its power to shock.

It is therefore useful to recall that although new levels of campus map, cynicism are constantly being reached, their clear antecedents were accepted at home with quiet toleration. It is a useful exercise to compare Government statements at the time of the accounting assignment articles, invasion of Guatemala in 1954 with Eisenhower’s admission—to be more accurate, his boast—a decade later that American planes were sent “to help the a good essay, invaders” ( New York Times , October 14, 1965). Nor is it only in moments of crisis that duplicity is considered perfectly in order. “New Frontiersmen,” for example, have scarcely distinguished themselves by a passionate concern for historical accuracy, even when they are not being called upon to provide a “propaganda cover” for ongoing actions. For example, Arthur Schlesinger ( New York Times , February 6, 1966) describes the bombing of North Vietnam and the massive escalation of military commitment in accounting articles, early 1965 as based on a “perfectly rational argument”: so long as the Geology homework help, Vietcong thought they were going to win the war, they obviously would not be interested in any kind of negotiated settlement. The date is important. Accounting! Had this statement been made six months earlier, one could attribute it to ignorance. On Paper Online Website! But this statement appeared after the UN, North Vietnamese, and Soviet initiatives had been front-page news for months. Managerial Accounting Assignment Articles! It was already public knowledge that these initiatives had preceeded the escalation of February 1965 and, in fact, continued for several weeks after the bombing began.

Correspondents in Washington tried desperately to find some explanation for the startling deception that had been revealed. Chalmers Roberts, for example, wrote in the Boston Globe on November 19 with unconscious irony: [late February, 1965] hardly seemed to Washington to Write online be a propitious moment for negotiations [since] Mr. Managerial Accounting Articles! Johnson…had just ordered the first bombing of North Vietnam in an effort to on history bring Hanoi to Managerial assignment a conference table where the bargaining chips on both sides would be more closely matched. Coming at that moment, Schlesinger’s statement is less an example of deceit than of contempt—contempt for on paper an audience that can be expected to tolerate such behavior with silence, if not approval. Accounting! [2] TO TURN TO SOMEONE closer to the actual formation and implementation of policy, consider some of the reflections of Geology homework help you, Walt Rostow, a man who, according to Schlesinger, brought a “spacious historical view” to the conduct of foreign affairs in the Kennedy administration. [3] According to his analysis, the Managerial assignment, guerrilla warfare in brown, Indo-China in 1946 was launched by accounting articles, Stalin, [4] and Hanoi initiated the guerrilla war against South Vietnam in 1958 ( The View from the Seventh Floor pp. 39 and 152). Similarly, the Communist planners probed the “free world spectrum of defense” in Northern Azerbaijan and Greece (where Stalin “supported substantial guerrilla warfare”— ibid ., pp. 36 and 148), operating from plans carefully laid in Effective essay, 1945.

And in accounting assignment articles, Central Europe, the Soviet Union was not “prepared to accept a solution which would remove the dangerous tensions from Central Europe at the risk of even slowly staged corrosion of Communism in East Germany” ( ibid ., p. 156). It is Poetry interesting to compare these observations with studies by scholars actually concerned with historical events. Accounting Articles! The remark about Stalin’s initiating the first Vietnamese war in 1946 does not even merit refutation. As to assignment school Hanoi’s purported initiative of 1958, the situation is more clouded. But even government sources [5] concede that in 1959 Hanoi received the first direct reports of accounting assignment, what Diem referred to Geology homework [6] as his own Algerian war and that only after this did they lay their plans to involve themselves in this struggle. In fact, in December, 1958, Hanoi made another of its many attempts—rebuffed once again by Saigon and the United States—to establish diplomatic and commercial relations with the Saigon government on the basis of the status quo. [7] Rostow offers no evidence of Stalin’s support for assignment articles the Greek guerrillas; in Geology homework, fact, though the historical record is far from clear, it seems that Stalin was by no means pleased with the adventurism of the Greek guerrillas, who, from his point of Managerial accounting assignment, view, were upsetting the satisfactory post-war imperialist settlement. [8] Rostow’s remarks about Germany are more interesting still. He does not see fit to mention, for example, the Russian notes of March-April, 1952, which proposed unification of Germany under internationally supervised elections, with withdrawal of Effective writing plan, all troops within a year, if there was a guarantee that a reunified Germany would not be permitted to join a Western military alliance. [9] And he has also momentarily forgotten his own characterization of the articles, strategy of the Truman and Eisenhower administrations: “to avoid any serious negotiation with the Soviet Union until the West could confront Moscow with German rearmament within an organized European framework, as a fait accompli “ [10] —to be sure, in defiance of the paper campus map, Potsdam agreements. But most interesting of all is Managerial Rostow’s reference to brown university Iran.

The facts are that there was a Russian attempt to impose by force a pro-Soviet government in accounting assignment, Northern Azerbaijan that would grant the Soviet Union access to Iranian oil. This was rebuffed by superior Anglo-American force in Effective essay writing business plan, 1946, at which point the Managerial assignment articles, more powerful imperialism obtained full rights to Iranian oil for itself, with the installation of a pro-Western government. We recall what happened when, for a brief period in the early 1950s, the help you, only Iranian government with something of Managerial accounting assignment, a popular base experimented with the curious idea that Iranian oil should belong to the Iranians. What is interesting, however, is the description of Northern Azerbaijan as part of Geology, “the free world spectrum of defense.” It is pointless, by now, to comment on the debasement of the phrase “free world.” But by what law of nature does Iran, with its resources, fall within Western dominion? The bland assumption that it does is Managerial articles most revealing of deep-seated attitudes toward the Statistics brown university, conduct of foreign affairs. IN ADDITION to Managerial this growing lack of concern for Purchase college truth, we find, in recent published statements, a real or feigned naivete about American actions that reaches startling proportions.

For example, Arthur Schlesinger, according to the Times , February 6, 1966, characterized our Vietnamese policies of 1954 as “part of accounting assignment articles, our general program of international goodwill.” Unless intended as irony, this remark shows either a colossal cynicism, or the inability, on a scale that defies measurement, to comprehend elementary phenomena of contemporary history. Similarly, what is one to make of the testimony of Thomas Schelling before the House Foreign Affairs Committee, January 27, 1965, in which he discusses two great dangers if all Asia “goes Communist”? [11] First, this would exclude “the United States and what we call Western civilization from essay, a large part of the assignment articles, world that is poor and colored and potentially hostile.” Second, “a country like the United States probably cannot maintain self-confidence if just about the greatest thing it ever attempted, namely to create the basis for decency and prosperity and democratic government in the underdeveloped world, had to How to a good be acknowledged as a failure or as an attempt that we wouldn’t try again.” It surpasses belief that a person with even a minimal acquaintance with the record of American foreign policy could produce such statements. It surpasses belief, that is, unless we look at the matter from a more historical point of view, and place such statements in the context of the hypocritical moralism of the past; for example, of Woodrow Wilson, who was going to teach the accounting, Latin Americans the art of good government, and who wrote (1902) that it is “our peculiar duty” to teach colonial peoples “order and self-control…[and]…the drill and habit of law and high school, obedience….” Or of the missionaries of the 1840s, who described the hideous and degrading opium wars as “the result of a great design of Providence to make the wickedness of men subserve his purposes of mercy toward China, in breaking through her wall of exclusion, and bringing the empire into more immediate contact with western and Christian nations.” Or, to approach the present, of A.A. Berle, who, in commenting on the Dominican intervention, has the impertinence to attribute the problems of the Caribbean countries to imperialism— Russian imperialism. [12] AS A FINAL EXAMPLE of this failure of skepticism, consider the Managerial accounting assignment articles, remarks of Henry Kissinger in his concluding remarks at writing business plan the Harvard-Oxford television debate on America’s Vietnam policies. He observed, rather sadly, that what disturbs him most is that others question not our judgment, but our motives—a remarkable comment by a man whose professional concern is political analysis, that is, analysis of the actions of governments in terms of motives that are unexpressed in official propaganda and perhaps only dimly perceived by those whose acts they govern. No one would be disturbed by an analysis of the political behavior of the Managerial assignment articles, Russians, French, or Tanzanians questioning their motives and interpreting their actions by the long-range interests concealed behind their official rhetoric.

But it is an article of faith that American motives are pure, and you, not subject to analysis (see note 1 ). Although it is nothing new in American intellectual history—or, for that matter, in the general history of Managerial accounting assignment articles, imperialist apologia—this innocence becomes increasingly distasteful as the power it serves grows more dominant in world affairs, and more capable, therefore, of the unconstrained viciousness that the mass media present to us each day. We are hardly the first power in history to combine material interests, great technological capacity, and an utter disregard for the suffering and misery of the How to a good creative essay, lower orders. The long tradition of naivete and self-righteousness that disfigures our intellectual history, however, must serve as a warning to the third world, if such a warning is needed, as to how our protestations of Managerial accounting assignment, sincerity and benign intent are to be interpreted. The basic assumptions of the “New Frontiersmen” should be pondered carefully by those who look forward to the involvement of academic intellectuals in politics. For example, I have referred above to Arthur Schlesinger’s objections to the Bay of Pigs invasion, but the reference was imprecise. True, he felt that it was a “terrible idea,” but “not because the notion of Geology homework, sponsoring an Managerial assignment articles, exile attempt to overthrow Castro seemed intolerable in itself.” Such a reaction would be the merest sentimentality, unthinkable to Effective plan a tough-minded realist. The difficulty, rather, was that it seemed unlikely that the accounting, deception could succeed. The operation, in his view, was ill-conceived but not otherwise objectionable. [13] In a similar vein, Schlesinger quotes with approval Kennedy’s “realistic” assessment of the situation resulting from Trujillo’s assassination:

There are three possibilities in college map, descending order of preference: a decent democratic regime, a continuation of the Trujillo regime or a Castro regime. We ought to aim at the first, but we really can’t renounce the second until we are sure that we can avoid the assignment, third [p. Help You! 769]. The reason why the third possibility is so intolerable is explained a few pages later (p. 774): “Communist success in accounting, Latin America would deal a much harder blow to the power and influence of the United States.” Of course, we can never really be sure of avoiding the help you, third possibility; therefore, in practice, we will always settle for Managerial accounting the second, as we are now doing in Brazil and Argentina, for example. Online! [14] Or consider Walt Rostow’s views on American policy in accounting assignment, Asia. [15] The basis on which we must build this policy is that “we are openly threatened and we feel menaced by help, Communist China.” To prove that we are menaced is of course unnecessary, and the matter receives no attention; it is enough that we feel menaced. Our policy must be based on our national heritage and our national interests. Accounting Assignment Articles! Our national heritage is Write on paper online website briefly outlined in the following terms: “Throughout the nineteenth century, in good conscience Americans could devote themselves to the extension of both their principles and their power on this continent,” making use of “the somewhat elastic concept of the Monroe doctrine” and, of course, extending “the American interest to Alaska and assignment, the mid-Pacific islands…. Both our insistence on unconditional surrender and the idea of post-war occupation…represented the brown university, formulation of American security interests in Europe and Asia.” So much for our heritage. As to our interests, the accounting, matter is equally simple. Fundamental is our “profound interest that societies abroad develop and Purchase paper map, strengthen those elements in their respective cultures that elevate and protect the dignity of the individual against the state.” At the Managerial accounting, same time, we must counter the How to write, “ideological threat,” namely “the possibility that the Chinese Communists can prove to Asians by progress in Managerial assignment, China that Communist methods are better and faster than democratic methods.” Nothing is said about those people in Effective essay business plan, Asian cultures to whom our “conception of the proper relation of the individual to accounting articles the state” may not be the uniquely important value, people who might, for example, be concerned with preserving the “dignity of the individual” against concentrations of foreign or domestic capital, or against paper campus map semi-feudal structures (such as Trujillo-type dictatorships) introduced or kept in power by Managerial articles, American arms.

All of business, this is flavored with allusions to “our religious and ethical value systems” and to assignment articles our “diffuse and complex concepts” which are to the Asian mind “so much more difficult to you grasp” than Marxist dogma, and are so “disturbing to some Asians” because of “their very lack of dogmatism.” Such intellectual contributions as these suggest the need for a correction to De Gaulle’s remark, in his Memoirs , about the articles, American “will to power, cloaking itself in How to write creative, idealism.” By now, this will to power is not so much cloaked in idealism as it is drowned in Managerial accounting, fatuity. And academic intellectuals have made their unique contribution to this sorry picture. LET US, HOWEVER, RETURN to the war in Vietnam and essay plan, the response that it has aroused among American intellectuals. A striking feature of the recent debate on Southeast Asian policy has been the distinction that is commonly drawn between “responsible criticism,” on the one hand, and “sentimental,” or “emotional,” or “hysterical” criticism, on the other. Managerial Accounting Assignment Articles! There is much to on paper online website be learned from a careful study of the terms in which this distinction is Managerial accounting drawn. The “hysterical critics” are to be identified, apparently, by their irrational refusal to accept one fundamental political axiom, namely that the United States has the right to extend its power and control without limit, insofar as is feasible. Responsible criticism does not challenge this assumption, but argues, rather, that we probably can’t “get away with it” at this particular time and place. A distinction of this sort seems to be what Irving Kristol, for example, has in mind in his analysis of the protest over Vietnam policy ( Encounter , August, 1965). He contrasts the university, responsible critics, such as Walter Lippmann, the Times , and Senator Fulbright, with the “teach-in movement.” “Unlike the university protesters,” he points out, “Mr.

Lippmann engages in no presumptuous suppositions as to ‘what the Vietnamese people really want’—he obviously doesn’t much care—or in legalistic exegesis as to whether, or to what extent, there is ‘aggression’ or ‘revolution’ in South Vietnam. Assignment Articles! His is a realpolitik point of How to write a good essay on history, view; and he will apparently even contemplate the possibility of a nuclear war against China in extreme circumstances.” This is commendable, and contrasts favorably, for Kristol, with the talk of the “unreasonable, ideological types” in accounting, the teach-in movement, who often seem to be motivated by such absurdities as “simple, virtuous ‘anti-imperialism,’ “who deliver “harangues on ‘the power structure,’ ” and who even sometimes stoop so low as to read “articles and homework help, reports from the accounting, foreign press on the American presence in Vietnam.” Furthermore, these nasty types are often psychologists, mathematicians, chemists, or philosophers (just as, incidentally, those most vocal in protest in the Soviet Union are generally physicists, literary intellectuals, and others remote from the Poetry, exercise of power), rather than people with Washington contacts, who, of course, realize that “had they a new, good idea about Vietnam, they would get a prompt and Managerial accounting assignment articles, respectful hearing” in Washington. I am not interested here in whether Kristol’s characterization of protest and dissent is accurate, but rather in the assumptions on which it rests. Is the purity of American motives a matter that is you beyond discussion, or that is irrelevant to discussion? Should decisions be left to “experts” with Washington contacts—even if we assume that they command the necessary knowledge and principles to make the “best” decision, will they invariably do so?

And, a logically prior question, is “expertise” applicable—that is, is there a body of theory and of relevant information, not in the public domain, that can be applied to Managerial articles the analysis of campus map, foreign policy or that demonstrates the accounting, correctness of Statistics brown university, present actions in Managerial accounting, some way that psychologists, mathematicians, chemists, and college paper campus map, philosophers are incapable of Managerial articles, comprehending? Although Kristol does not examine these questions directly, his attitude presupposes answers, answers which are wrong in all cases. Statistics Brown University! American aggressiveness, however it may be masked in pious rhetoric, is a dominant force in world affairs and must be analyzed in terms of its causes and motives. There is no body of theory or significant body of relevant information, beyond the Managerial accounting assignment articles, comprehension of the layman, which makes policy immune from criticism. To the extent that “expert knowledge” is applied to Geology homework help world affairs, it is surely appropriate—for a person of any integrity, quite necessary—to question its quality and the goals it serves. These facts seem too obvious to require extended discussion. A CORRECTIVE to Kristol’s curious belief in the Administration’s openness to new thinking about Vietnam is Managerial accounting articles provided by McGeorge Bundy in How to write essay on history, a recent issue of Foreign Affairs (January, 1967). As Bundy correctly observes, “on the main stage…the argument on Viet Nam turns on tactics, not fundamentals,” although, he adds, “there are wild men in the wings.” On stage center are, of course, the Managerial articles, President (who in his recent trip to Asia had just “magisterially reaffirmed” our interest “in the progress of the people across the Pacific”) and his advisers, who deserve “the understanding support of those who want restraint.” It is these men who deserve the help you, credit for the fact that “the bombing of the North has been the assignment, most accurate and the most restrained in modern warfare”—a solicitude which will be appreciated by the inhabitants, or former inhabitants of Nam Dinh and Phu Ly and Vinh.

It is these men, too, who deserve the How to creative essay on history, credit for what was reported by Malcolm Browne as long ago as May, 1965: In the Managerial accounting assignment articles, South, huge sectors of the nation have been declared “free bombing zones,” in which anything that moves is a legitimate target. Tens of thousands of tons of bombs, rockets, napalm and cannon fire are poured into these vast areas each week. If only by the laws of chance, bloodshed is believed to be heavy in these raids. Fortunately for Write website the developing countries, Bundy assures us, “American democracy has no taste for assignment imperialism,” and Poetry assignment high, “taken as a whole, the stock of American experience, understanding, sympathy and simple knowledge is now much the most impressive in the world.” It is true that “four-fifths of all the foreign investing in the world is now done by Americans” and that “the most admired plans and policies…are no better than their demonstrable relation to the American interest”—just as it is true, so we read in the same issue of Foreign Affairs , that the plans for armed action against Managerial articles Cuba were put into motion a few weeks after Mikoyan visited Havana, “invading what had so long been an almost exclusively American sphere of influence.” Unfortunately, such facts as these are often taken by unsophisticated Asian intellectuals as indicating a “taste for imperialism.” For example, a number of Indians have expressed their “near exasperation” at paper the fact that “we have done everything we can to Managerial assignment attract foreign capital for fertilizer plants, but the American and the other Western private companies know we are over How to essay a barrel, so they demand stringent terms which we just cannot meet” ( Christian Science Monitor , November 26), while “Washington…doggedly insists that deals be made in the private sector with private enterprise” ( ibid ., December 5). [16] But this reaction, no doubt, simply reveals, once again, how the Asian mind fails to comprehend the assignment, “diffuse and complex concepts” of Western thought.

IT MAY BE USEFUL to study carefully the Poetry school, “new, good ideas about Vietnam” that are receiving a “prompt and respectful hearing” in Washington these days. The US Government Printing Office is an articles, endless source of insight into the moral and intellectual level of this expert advice. In its publications one can read, for example, the Effective writing business plan, testimony of Professor David N. Managerial Articles! Rowe, Director of Graduate Studies in college map, International Relations at Yale University, before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs (see note 11 ). Professor Rowe proposes (p. Accounting Articles! 266) that the United States buy all surplus Canadian and Purchase college paper campus map, Australian wheat, so that there will be mass starvation in China. These are his words: Mind you, I am not talking about this as a weapon against the Chinese people. It will be. Managerial Accounting! But that is only incidental. The weapon will be a weapon against the Government because the internal stability of that country cannot be sustained by an unfriendly Government in the face of general starvation. Professor Rowe will have none of the assignment high school, sentimental moralism that might lead one to compare this suggestion with, say, the Managerial articles, Ostpolitik of Hitler’s Germany. [17] Nor does he fear the college paper map, impact of such policies on other Asian nations, for accounting assignment example, Japan. Poetry School! He assures us, from his “very long acquaintance with Japanese questions,” that “the Japanese above all are people who respect power and determination.” Hence “they will not be so much alarmed by American policy in Vietnam that takes off from a position of accounting, power and intends to homework help you seek a solution based upon the imposition of our power upon local people that we are in opposition to.” What would disturb the Japanese is “a policy of indecision, a policy of refusal to face up to the problems [in China and Managerial accounting articles, Vietnam] and to Write online meet our responsibilities there in a positive way,” such as the way just cited.

A conviction that we were “unwilling to assignment articles use the power that they know we have” might “alarm the Japanese people very intensely and shake the online, degree of their friendly relations with us.” In fact, a full use of assignment, American power would be particularly reassuring to the Japanese, because they have had a demonstration “of the write a good on history, tremendous power in action of the United States…because they have felt our power directly.” This is surely a prime example of the healthy, “ realpolitik point of view” that Irving Kristol so much admires. But, one may ask, why restrict ourselves to Managerial articles such indirect means as mass starvation? Why not bombing? No doubt this message is implicit in the remarks to the same committee of the Reverend R.J. de Jaegher, Regent of the Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Seton Hall University, who explains that like all people who have lived under Communism, the North Vietnamese “would be perfectly happy to be bombed to be free” (p. 345). Of course, there must be those who support the Communists. But this is really a matter of small concern, as the Hon Walter Robertson, Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs from 1953-59, points out in his testimony before the same committee. He assures us that “The Peiping regime…represents something less than 3 per cent of the Write on paper website, population” (p. Managerial Accounting Assignment! 402). Consider, then, how fortunate the essay, Chinese Communist leaders are, compared to the leaders of the Vietcong, who, according to Arthur Goldberg ( New York Times , February 6, 1966), represent about “one-half of accounting, one percent of the population of South Vietnam,” that is, about essay plan, one-half the number of new Southern recruits for the Vietcong during 1965, if we can credit Pentagon statistics. [18] In the face of such experts as these, the accounting assignment, scientists and philosophers of whom Kristol speaks would clearly do well to continue to draw their circles in the sand.

HAVING SETTLED THE ISSUE of the political irrelevance of the protest movement, Kristol turns to the question of Geology help you, what motivates it—more generally, what has made students and junior faculty “go left,” as he sees it, amid general prosperity and under liberal, Welfare State administrations. This, he notes, “is a riddle to which no sociologist has as yet come up with an answer.” Since these young people are well-off, have good futures, etc., their protest must be irrational. It must be the result of boredom, of assignment articles, too much security, or something of brown university, this sort. Other possibilities come to mind. It may be, for example, that as honest men the students and junior faculty are attempting to find out the truth for Managerial accounting assignment themselves rather than ceding the responsibility to “experts” or to government; and Effective essay writing plan, it may be that they react with indignation to what they discover. These possibilities Kristol does not reject.

They are simply unthinkable, unworthy of consideration. More accurately, these possibilities are inexpressible; the Managerial accounting assignment, categories in which they are formulated (honesty, indignation) simply do not exist for online the tough-minded social scientist. IN THIS IMPLICIT DISPARAGEMENT of traditional intellectual values, Kristol reflects attitudes that are fairly widespread in academic circles. I do not doubt that these attitudes are in part a consequence of the desperate attempt of the Managerial, social and behavioral sciences to imitate the surface features of sciences that really have significant intellectual content. But they have other sources as well. Anyone can be a moral individual, concerned with human rights and problems; but only a college professor, a trained expert, can solve technical problems by “sophisticated” methods. Poetry High! Ergo, it is only problems of the latter sort that are important or real. Responsible, non-ideological experts will give advice on tactical questions; irresponsible, “ideological types” will “harangue” about principle and trouble themselves over moral issues and human rights, or over the traditional problems of man and society, concerning which “social and behavioral science” has nothing to offer beyond trivalities. Managerial! Obviously, these emotional, ideological types are irrational, since, being well-off and having power in their grasp, they shouldn’t worry about such matters.

At times this pseudo-scientific posing reaches levels that are almost pathological. Consider the phenomenon of Herman Kahn, for example. Kahn has been both denounced as immoral and lauded for Write on paper website his courage. By people who should know better, his On Thermonuclear War has been described “without qualification…[as]…one of the great works of our time” (Stuart Hughes). The fact of the Managerial assignment, matter is school that this is surely one of the emptiest works of our time, as can be seen by Managerial assignment, applying to it the intellectual standards of brown university, any existing discipline, by tracing some of its “well-documented conclusions” to the “objective studies” from which they derive, and by following the line of argument, where detectable. Kahn proposes no theories, no explanations, no factual assumptions that can be tested against their consequences, as do the sciences he is attempting to mimic.

He simply suggests a terminology and provides a facade of rationality. When particular policy conclusions are drawn, they are supported only by ex cathedra remarks for Managerial accounting assignment which no support is even suggested (e.g., “The civil defense line probably should be drawn somewhere below $5 billion annually” to Geology help keep from provoking the Russians—why not $50 billion, or $5.00?). What is more, Kahn is quite aware of accounting assignment, this vacuity; in his more judicious moments he claims only that “there is no reason to believe that relatively sophisticated models are more likely to be misleading than the simpler models and Purchase college campus map, analogies frequently used as an aid to judgment.” For those whose humor tends towards the macabre, it is easy to play the game of “strategic thinking” a la Kahn, and to prove what one wishes. Assignment! For example, one of Kahn’s basic assumptions is that. an all-out surprise attack in which all resources are devoted to counter-value targets would be so irrational that, barring an incredible lack of sophistication or actual insanity among Soviet decision makers, such an university, attack is highly unlikely. A simple argument proves the opposite. Premise 1: American decision-makers think along the lines outlined by Herman Kahn. Assignment Articles! Premise 2 : Kahn thinks it would be better for everyone to Effective essay business plan be red than for everyone to be dead. Premise 3 : if the Americans were to Managerial assignment respond to an all-out countervalue attack, then everyone would be dead. Conclusion : the Americans will not respond to an all-out countervalue attack, and therefore it should be launched without delay. Of course, one can carry the argument a step further.

Fact : the Russians have not carried out an assignment, all-out countervalue attack. Accounting Articles! It follows that they are not rational. Geology! If they are not rational, there is no point in Managerial accounting, “strategic thinking.” Therefore,…. Of course this is all nonsense, but nonsense that differs from Kahn’s only in the respect that the argument is of slightly greater complexity than anything to be discovered in his work. What is Write online remarkable is that serious people actually pay attention to these absurdities, no doubt because of the Managerial articles, facade of tough-mindedness and pseudo-science. IT IS A CURIOUS and Geology, depressing fact that the “anti-war movement” falls prey all too often to similar confusions. In the fall of 1965, for Managerial accounting assignment example, there was an International Conference on Alternative Perspectives on Vietnam, which circulated a pamphlet to Geology potential participants stating its assumptions. The plan was to set up study groups in which three “types of intellectual tradition” will be represented: (1) area specialists; (2) “social theory, with special emphasis on theories of the international system, of social change and development, of conflict and conflict resolution, or of Managerial accounting, revolution”; (3) “the analysis of public policy in terms of basic human values, rooted in various theological, philosophical and college paper map, humanist traditions.” The second intellectual tradition will provide “general propositions, derived from social theory and articles, tested against Statistics brown historical, comparative, or experimental data”; the accounting assignment, third “will provide the assignment high, framework out of which fundamental value questions can be raised and in Managerial, terms of which the moral implications of societal actions can be analyzed.” The hope was that “by approaching the questions [of Vietnam policy] from the moral perspectives of all great religions and philosophical systems, we may find solutions that are more consistent with fundamental human values than current American policy in Vietnam has turned out to be.” In short, the experts on values (i.e., spokesmen for the great religions and homework you, philosophical systems) will provide fundamental insights on Managerial accounting assignment articles moral perspectives, and the experts on social theory will provide general empirically validated propositions and “general models of conflict.” From this interplay, new policies will emerge, presumably from application of the canons of college campus, scientific method.

The only debatable issue, it seems to me, is whether it is more ridiculous to Managerial turn to experts in social theory for general well-confirmed propositions, or to the specialists in the great religions and philosophical systems for insights into fundamental human values. There is much more that can be said about this topic, but, without continuing, I would simply like to emphasize that, as is Statistics brown university no doubt obvious, the accounting articles, cult of the homework, experts is both self-serving, for those who propound it, and accounting, fraudulent. Obviously, one must learn from social and behavioral science whatever one can; obviously, these fields should be pursued as seriously as possible. But it will be quite unfortunate, and highly dangerous, if they are not accepted and judged on their merits and according to their actual, not pretended, accomplishments. Website! In particular, if there is a body of theory, well-tested and verified, that applies to assignment articles the conduct of Purchase, foreign affairs or the resolution of domestic or international conflict, its existence has been kept a well-guarded secret. In the case of Vietnam, if those who feel themselves to Managerial accounting assignment be experts have access to principles or information that would justify what the American government is doing in that unfortunate country, they have been singularly ineffective in making this fact known. To anyone who has any familiarity with the social and behavioral sciences (or the Geology homework you, “policy sciences”), the accounting assignment, claim that there are certain considerations and principles too deep for assignment high the outsider to comprehend is simply an absurdity, unworthy of comment. WHEN WE CONSIDER the responsibility of intellectuals, our basic concern must be their role in Managerial accounting assignment articles, the creation and analysis of ideology. And, in fact, Kristol’s contrast between the unreasonable ideological types and the responsible experts is How to write creative essay on history formulated in terms that immediately bring to mind Daniel Bell’s interesting and influential “The End of Ideology,” an accounting articles, essay which is as important for what it leaves unsaid as for its actual content. [19] Bell presents and discusses the Marxist analysis of ideology as a mask for class interest, quoting Marx’s well-known description of the belief of the bourgeoisie “that the Statistics university, special conditions of its emancipation are the general conditions through which alone modern society can be saved and the class struggle avoided.” He then argues that the age of ideology is Managerial accounting assignment ended, supplanted, at least in Statistics brown university, the West, by a general agreement that each issue must be settled in its own terms, within the framework of a Welfare State in which, presumably, experts in the conduct of public affairs will have a prominent role.

Bell is quite careful, however, to accounting assignment articles characterize the precise sense of “ideology” in which “ideologies are exhausted.” He is referring to ideology only as “the conversion of ideas into social levers,” to ideology as “a set of beliefs, infused with passion,…[which] …seeks to transform the whole of a way of homework you, life.” The crucial words are “transform” and “convert into social levers.” Intellectuals in the West, he argues, have lost interest in converting ideas into social levers for the radical transformation of society. Now that we have achieved the pluralistic society of the accounting, Welfare State, they see no further need for a radical transformation of society; we may tinker with our way of life here and there, but it would be wrong to try to modify it in any significant way. Write! With this consensus of intellectuals, ideology is dead. There are several striking facts about Bell’s essay. First, he does not point out the extent to which this consensus of the intellectuals is self-serving. He does not relate his observation that, by and large, intellectuals have lost interest in “transforming the whole of Managerial assignment, a way of paper campus, life” to the fact that they play an increasingly prominent role in running the Welfare State; he does not relate their general satisfaction with the Welfare State to Managerial assignment articles the fact that, as he observes elsewhere, “America has become an affluent society, offering place…and prestige…to the onetime radicals.” Secondly, he offers no serious argument to show that intellectuals are somehow “right” or “objectively justified” in assignment, reaching the consensus to which he alludes, with its rejection of the notion that society should be transformed. Indeed, although Bell is Managerial accounting fairly sharp about the empty rhetoric of the “new left,” he seems to have a quite utopian faith that technical experts will be able to cope with the few problems that still remain; for example, the on paper website, fact that labor is treated as a commodity, and the problems of “alienation.” It seems fairly obvious that the classical problems are very much with us; one might plausibly argue that they have even been enhanced in severity and scale. Managerial Accounting! For example, the classical paradox of poverty in the midst of plenty is now an ever-increasing problem on an international scale. Purchase College Map! Whereas one might conceive, at least in principle, of a solution within national boundaries, a sensible idea of transforming international society to cope with vast and Managerial accounting articles, perhaps increasing human misery is hardly likely to develop within the framework of the intellectual consensus that Bell describes.

THUS IT WOULD SEEM NATURAL to describe the consensus of Statistics brown, Bell’s intellectuals in somewhat different terms from his. Using the terminology of the first part of his essay, we might say that the Welfare State technician finds justification for his special and prominent social status in Managerial articles, his “science,” specifically, in the claim that social science can support a technology of social tinkering on a domestic or international scale. He then takes a further step, ascribing in a familiar way a universal validity to what is in fact a class interest: he argues that the special conditions on which his claim to power and authority are based are, in How to a good creative essay on history, fact, the only general conditions by which modern society can be saved; that social tinkering within a Welfare State framework must replace the commitment to the “total ideologies” of the past, ideologies which were concerned with a transformation of society. Having found his position of power, having achieved security and affluence, he has no further need for ideologies that look to accounting articles radical change. The scholar-expert replaces the “free-floating intellectual” who “felt that the Poetry high school, wrong values were being honored, and rejected the society,” and who has now lost his political role (now, that is, that the right values are being honored). Conceivably, it is correct that the technical experts who will (or hope to) manage the “industrial society” will be able to cope with the Managerial assignment, classical problems without a radical transformation of society. It is conceivably true that the bourgeoisie was right in regarding the Geology homework help, special conditions of its emancipation as the only general conditions by which modern society would be saved. In either case, an argument is in order, and skepticism is justified when none appears. Within the same framework of general utopianism, Bell goes on Managerial assignment articles to pose the issue between Welfare State scholar-experts and third-world ideologists in a rather curious way. He points out, quite correctly, that there is How to creative on history no issue of Communism, the content of Managerial assignment articles, that doctrine having been “long forgotten by friends and foes alike.” Rather, he says,

the question is an older one: whether new societies can grow by building democratic institutions and allowing people to make choices—and sacrifices—voluntarily, or whether the new elites, heady with power, will impose totalitarian means to transform their societies. THE QUESTION is an interesting one. It is odd, however, to see it referred to as “an older one.” Surely he cannot be suggesting that the West chose the democratic way—for example, that in England during the assignment high, industrial revolution, the farmers voluntarily made the choice of leaving the accounting assignment, land, giving up cottage industry, becoming an industrial proletariat, and voluntarily decided, within the Poetry school, framework of the existing democratic institutions, to make the sacrifices that are graphically described in the classic literature on nineteenth-century industrial society. One may debate the question whether authoritarian control is necessary to permit capital accumulation in the underdeveloped world, but the Western model of development is hardly one that we can point to with any pride. It is perhaps not surprising to find Walt Rostow referring to “the more humane processes [of industrialization] that Western values would suggest” ( An American Policy in Asia ). Those who have a serious concern for the problems that face backward countries, and for the role that advanced industrial societies might, in principle, play in development and modernization, must use somewhat more care in interpreting the significance of the Western experience. Returning to the quite appropriate question, whether “new societies can grow by building democratic institutions” or only by totalitarian means, I think that honesty requires us to Managerial articles recognize that this question must be directed more to American intellectuals than to third-world ideologists. Write! The backward countries have incredible, perhaps insurmountable problems, and few available options; the United States has a wide range of options, and Managerial accounting assignment articles, has the on paper, economic and technological resources, though, evidently, neither the intellectual nor moral resources, to confront at least some of these problems. It is easy for an American intellectual to deliver homilies on the virtues of freedom and liberty, but if he is really concerned about, say, Chinese totalitarianism or the burdens imposed on the Chinese peasantry in forced industrialization, then he should face a task that is Managerial accounting infinitely more important and challenging—the task of Write online, creating, in the United States, the Managerial, intellectual and moral climate, as well as the social and economic conditions, that would permit this country to participate in modernization and development in a way commensurate with its material wealth and technical capacity. Large capital gifts to Cuba and China might not succeed in alleviating the authoritarianism and Write on paper online, terror that tend to accompany early stages of capital accumulation, but they are far more likely to have this effect than lectures on democratic values. It is assignment articles possible that even without “capitalist encirclement” in its various manifestations, the truly democratic elements in revolutionary movements—in some instances, soviets and collectives—might be undermined by an “elite” of bureaucrats and technical intelligentsia.

But it is almost certain that capitalist encirclement itself, which all revolutionary movements now have to face, will guarantee this result. The lesson, for those who are concerned to strengthen the democratic, spontaneous, and popular elements in developing societies, is quite clear. Lectures on the two-party system, or even on the really substantial democratic values that have been in part realized in Western society, are a monstrous irrelevance, given the effort required to raise the level of culture in Western society to the point where it can provide a “social lever” for both economic development and the development of true democratic institutions in the third world—and, for that matter, at on paper website home. A GOOD CASE CAN BE MADE for the conclusion that there is indeed something of a consensus among intellectuals who have already achieved power and affluence, or who sense that they can achieve them by “accepting society” as it is and promoting the values that are “being honored” in this society. Managerial! It is also true that this consensus is most noticeable among the scholar-experts who are replacing the free-floating intellectuals of the past. Poetry Assignment School! In the university, these scholar-experts construct a “value-free technology” for the solution of technical problems that arise in Managerial accounting assignment articles, contemporary society, [20] taking a “responsible stance” towards these problems, in the sense noted earlier. This consensus among the Effective essay writing business, responsible scholar-experts is the domestic analogue to that proposed, internationally, by Managerial assignment, those who justify the application of American power in Write website, Asia, whatever the human cost, on the grounds that it is necessary to contain the “expansion of China” (an “expansion” which is, to be sure, hypothetical for the time being) [21] —that is, to translate from State Department Newspeak, on the grounds that it is essential to reverse the Asian nationalist revolutions or, at least, to Managerial assignment prevent them from spreading. The analogy becomes clear when we look carefully at the ways in which this proposal is formulated. With his usual lucidity, Churchill outlined the general position in a remark to Effective business plan his colleague of the moment, Joseph Stalin, at Teheran in 1943: The government of the world must be entrusted to satisfied nations, who wished nothing more for accounting themselves than what they had. If the world-government were in the hands of hungry nations there would always be danger.

But none of us had any reason to seek for anything more…. Our power placed us above the rest. We were like the rich men dwelling at peace within their habitations. For a translation of Churchill’s biblical rhetoric into the jargon of How to, contemporary social science, one may turn to the testimony of Charles Wolf, Senior Economist of the Rand Corporation, at the Congressional Committee Hearings cited earlier: I am dubious that China’s fears of Managerial accounting assignment, encirclement are going to be abated, eased, relaxed in the long-term future. But I would hope that what we do in Southeast Asia would help to develop within the Chinese body politic more of a realism and willingness to live with this fear than to indulge it by support for liberation movements, which admittedly depend on a great deal more than external support…the operational question for American foreign policy is Geology help you not whether that fear can be eliminated or substantially alleviated, but whether China can be faced with a structure of incentives, of penalties and rewards, of inducements that will make it willing to live with this fear.

The point is further clarified by Thomas Schelling: “There is growing experience, which the Chinese can profit from, that although the United States may be interested in encircling them, may be interested in defending nearby areas from them, it is, nevertheless, prepared to behave peaceably if they are.” In short, we are prepared to live peaceably in accounting assignment, our—to be sure, rather extensive—habitations. And, quite naturally, we are offended by the undignified noises from the servants’ quarters. If, let us say, a peasant-based revolutionary movement tries to achieve independence from foreign powers and the domestic structures they support, or if the Chinese irrationally refuse to respond properly to the schedule of reinforcement that we have prepared for them—if they object to being encircled by the benign and peace-loving “rich men” who control the territories on their borders as a natural right—then, evidently, we must respond to this belligerence with appropriate force. IT IS THIS MENTALITY that explains the frankness with which the a good on history, United States Government and its academic apologists defend the American refusal to permit a political settlement in Vietnam at Managerial articles a local level, a settlement based on the actual distribution of political forces. Purchase Paper Campus Map! Even government experts freely admit that the NLF is the only “truly mass-based political party in South Vietnam” [22] ; that the NLF had “made a conscious and massive effort to extend political participation, even if it was manipulated, on the local level so as to involve the people in assignment, a self-contained, self-supporting revolution” (p. 374); and that this effort had been so successful that no political groups, “with the possible exception of the Buddhists, thought themselves equal in size and power to Write risk entering into a coalition, fearing that if they did the whale would swallow the minnow” (p. 362). Moreover, they concede that until the accounting assignment articles, introduction of Effective writing plan, overwhelming American force, the NLF had insisted that the struggle “should be fought out at the political level and that the use of massed military might was in itself illegitimate….

The battleground was to be the minds and loyalties of the rural Vietnamese, the weapons were to be ideas” (pp. Managerial Accounting Articles! 91-92; cf. also pp. 93, 99-108, 155f.); and, correspondingly, that until mid-1964, aid from Effective business plan, Hanoi “was largely confined to two areas—doctrinal know-how and leadership personnel” (p. 321). Captured NLF documents contrast the enemy’s “military superiority” with their own “political superiority” (p. 106), thus fully confirming the analysis of American military spokesmen who define our problem as how, “with considerable armed force but little political power, [to] contain an adversary who has enormous political force but only modest military power.” [23] Similarly, the most striking outcome of both the articles, Honolulu conference in Geology help, February and the Manila conference in October was the frank admission by high officials of the Saigon government that “they could not survive a ‘peaceful settlement’ that left the Vietcong political structure in place even if the assignment, Vietcong guerilla units were disbanded,” that “they are not able to compete politically with the Vietnamese Communists” (Charles Mohr, New York Times , February 11, 1966, italics mine). Thus, Mohr continues, the Vietnamese demand a “pacification program” which will have as “its core…the destruction of the clandestine Vietcong political structure and the creation of an iron-like system of government political control over brown the population.” And from accounting assignment articles, Manila, the same correspondent, on October 23, quotes a high South Vietnamese official as saying that: Frankly, we are not strong enough now to compete with the Communists on a purely political basis. They are organized and disciplined. The non-Communist nationalists are not—we do not have any large, well-organized political parties and we do not yet have unity.

We cannot leave the Vietcong in existence. Officials in Washington understand the situation very well. Thus Secretary Rusk has pointed out that “if the Vietcong come to the conference table as full partners they will, in a sense, have been victorious in the very aims that South Vietnam and the United States are pledged to assignment school prevent” (January 28, 1966). Max Frankel reported from Washington in the Times on February 18, 1966, that. Compromise has had no appeal here because the Administration concluded long ago that the non-Communist forces of South Vietnam could not long survive in a Saigon coalition with Communists. It is for that reason—and not because of an excessively rigid sense of protocol—that Washington has steadfastly refused to accounting assignment articles deal with the Vietcong or recognize them as an college paper map, independent political force.

In short, we will—magnanimously—permit Vietcong representatives to attend negotiations only if they will agree to identify themselves as agents of Managerial, a foreign power and essay on history, thus forfeit the right to participate in a coalition government, a right which they have now been demanding for a half-dozen years. We well know that in any representative coalition, our chosen delegates could not last a day without the support of American arms. Therefore, we must increase American force and resist meaningful negotiations, until the day when a client government can exert both military and articles, political control over its own population—a day which may never dawn, for as William Bundy has pointed out, we could never be sure of the security of on paper, a Southeast Asia “from which the Western presence was effectively withdrawn.” Thus if we were to “negotiate in the direction of solutions that are put under the label of neutralization,” this would amount to capitulation to the Communists. Managerial Accounting! [24] According to this reasoning, then, South Vietnam must remain, permanently, an Geology homework help, American military base. All of this is, of course, reasonable, so long as we accept the fundamental political axiom that the United States, with its traditional concern for the rights of the weak and downtrodden, and with its unique insight into the proper mode of development for backward countries, must have the courage and the persistence to accounting impose its will by force until such time as other nations are prepared to accept these truths—or simply, to abandon hope. IF IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY of the intellectual to insist upon the truth, it is Poetry assignment school also his duty to see events in their historical perspective. Thus one must applaud the insistence of the Secretary of State on the importance of historical analogies, the Munich analogy, for example. Assignment Articles! As Munich showed, a powerful and aggressive nation with a fanatic belief in its manifest destiny will regard each victory, each extension of its power and authority, as a prelude to Purchase college paper campus map the next step.

The matter was very well put by Adlai Stevenson, when he spoke of Managerial articles, “the old, old route whereby expansive powers push at Purchase college campus more and more doors, believing they will open until, at the ultimate door, resistance is Managerial accounting assignment articles unavoidable and major war breaks out.” Herein lies the danger of appeasement, as the Chinese tirelessly point out to the Soviet Union—which, they claim, is Effective writing business plan playing Chamberlain to our Hitler in Vietnam. Of course, the aggressiveness of liberal imperialism is not that of Nazi Germany, though the distinction may seem academic to a Vietnamese peasant who is being gassed or incinerated. We do not want to occupy Asia; we merely wish, to return to Mr. Accounting! Wolf, “to help the Asian countries progress toward economic modernization, as relatively ‘open’ and Purchase college campus map, stable societies, to which our access, as a country and as individual citizens, is accounting free and Geology you, comfortable.” The formulation is appropriate. Recent history shows that it makes little difference to us what form of government a country has so long as it remains an “open society,” in our peculiar sense of this term—that is, a society that remains open to American economic penetration or political control.

If it is necessary to approach genocide in Vietnam to achieve this objective, than this is the price we must pay in defense of freedom and the rights of man. In pursuing the aim of helping other countries to progress toward open societies, with no thought of territorial aggrandizement, we are breaking no new ground. In the Congressional Hearings that I cited earlier, Hans Morgenthau aptly describes our traditional policy towards China as one which favors “what you might call freedom of competition with regard to Managerial assignment the exploitation of China” ( op. cit ., p. 128). In fact, few imperialist powers have had explicit territorial ambitions. Thus in 1784, the British Parliament announced: “To pursue schemes of conquest and extension of dominion in India are measures repugnant to the wish, honor, and policy of Statistics brown, this nation.” Shortly after this, the conquest of India was in Managerial accounting assignment articles, full swing. A century later, Britain announced its intentions in Egypt under the slogan “intervention, reform, withdrawal.” It is obvious which parts of this promise were fulfilled within the next half-century. In 1936, on the eve of paper, hostilities in North China, the Japanese stated their Basic Principles of National Policy. These included the use of accounting, moderate and peaceful means to extend her strength, to promote social and economic development, to eradicate the Write online, menace of Communism, to correct the aggressive policies of the great powers, and to secure her position as the stabilizing power in East Asia. Even in 1937, the Japanese government had “no territorial designs upon China.” In short, we follow a well-trodden path. It is useful to remember, incidentally, that the US was apparently quite willing, as late as 1939, to negotiate a commercial treaty with Japan and arrive at a modus vivendi if Japan would “change her attitude and practice towards our rights and interests in China,” as Secretary Hull put it.

The bombing of Chungking and the rape of Nanking were unpleasant, it is true, but what was really important was our rights and interests in China, as the responsible, unhysterical men of the day saw quite clearly. It was the closing of the open door by accounting assignment articles, Japan that led inevitably to the Pacific war, just as it is the closing of the open door by “Communist” China itself that may very well lead to the next, and no doubt last, Pacific war. QUITE OFTEN, THE STATEMENTS of sincere and devoted technical experts give surprising insight into the intellectual attitudes that lie in the background of the online website, latest savagery. Consider, for example, the following comment by the economist Richard Lindholm, in 1959, expressing his frustration over the failure of economic development in Managerial articles, “free Vietnam”: …the use of American aid is determined by how the Vietnamese use their incomes and their savings. The fact that a large portion of the Vietnamese imports financed with American aid are either consumer goods or raw materials used rather directly to meet consumer demands is an indication that the Vietnamese people desire these goods. for they have shown their desire by their willingness to use their piasters to purchase them. [25] In short, the Vietnamese people desire Buicks and air-conditioners, rather than sugar refining equipment or road-building machinery, as they have shown by their behavior in a free market. And however much we may deplore their free choice, we must allow the people to have their way. Of course, there are also those two-legged beasts of burden that one stumbles on in the countryside, but as any graduate student of Write on paper online, political science can explain, they are not part of a responsible modernizing elite, and therefore have only a superficial biological resemblance to the human race.

In no small measure, it is attitudes like this that lie behind the butchery in Vietnam, and Managerial, we had better face up to them with candor, or we will find our government leading us towards a “final solution” in Vietnam, and in the many Vietnams that inevitably lie ahead. Let me finally return to Dwight Macdonald and the responsibility of intellectuals. Macdonald quotes an interview with a death-camp paymaster who burst into tears when told that the Russians would hang him. “Why should they? What have I done?” he asked. Macdonald concludes: “Only those who are willing to resist authority themselves when it conflicts too intolerably with their personal moral code, only they have the right to condemn the death-camp paymaster.” The question, “What have I done?” is one that we may well ask ourselves, as we read each day of fresh atrocities in Vietnam—as we create, or mouth, or tolerate the deceptions that will be used to justify the next defense of freedom.

[1] Such a research project has now been undertaken and published as a “Citizens’ White Paper”: F. Schurmann, P. D. Scott, R. Zelnik, The Politics of Escalation in Vietnam , Fawcett World Library, and Beacon Press, 1966. For further evidence of American rejection of UN initiatives for diplomatic settlement, just prior to the major escalation of February, 1965, see Mario Rossi, “The US Rebuff to U Thant,” NYR , November 17, 1966. There is homework help you further documentary evidence of NLF attempts to establish a coalition government and to neutralize the area, all rejected by the United States and its Saigon ally, in Managerial accounting assignment, Douglas Pike, Viet Cong , M.I.T. Press, 1966. In reading material of this latter sort one must be especially careful to distinguish between the evidence presented and the “conclusions” that are asserted, for reasons noted briefly below (see note 22 ). It is interesting to see the first, somewhat oblique, published reactions to The Politics of college campus map, Escalation , by assignment, those who defend our right to conquer South Vietnam and institute a government of our choice. For example, Robert Scalapino ( New York Times Magazine , December 11, 1966) argues that the thesis of the book implies that our leaders are “diabolical.” Since no right-thinking person can believe this, the thesis is refuted. To assume otherwise would betray “irresponsibility,” in Write website, a unique sense of this term—a sense that gives an ironic twist to the title of this essay.

He goes on to point out the alleged central weakness in assignment articles, the argument of the help, book, namely, the failure to perceive that a serious attempt on assignment our part to pursue the possibilities for a diplomatic settlement would have been interpreted by our adversaries as a sign of weakness. [2] At other times, Schlesinger does indeed display admirable scholarly caution. For example, in his Introduction to The Politics of Escalation he admits that there may have been “flickers of interest in negotiations” on essay the part of Hanoi. As to the Administration’s lies about negotiations and its repeated actions undercutting tentative initiatives towards negotiations, he comments only that the authors may have underestimated military necessity and that future historians may prove them wrong. This caution and detachment must be compared with Schlesinger’s attitude toward renewed study of the origins of the cold war: in a letter to the New York Review of Books , October 20, 1966, he remarks that it is time to “blow the whistle” on revisionist attempts to show that the cold war may have been the consequence of something more than mere Communist belligerence. We are to believe, then, that the relatively straight-forward matter of the accounting assignment articles, origins of the cold war is settled beyond discussion, whereas the much more complex issue of why the United States shies away from a negotiated settlement in homework you, Vietnam must be left to future historians to ponder. It is useful to bear in mind that the United States Government itself is on occasion much less diffident in explaining why it refuses to contemplate a meaningful negotiated settlement. As is freely admitted, this solution would leave it without power to control the situation.

See, for Managerial accounting example note 26 . [3] Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days; John F. Kennedy in the White House , 1965, p. Homework You! 421. [4] The View from the Seventh Floor , Harper and Row, 1964, p. Accounting Assignment! 149. See also his United States in the World Arena , Harper and Row, 1960, p. 244: “Stalin, exploiting the disruption and weakness of the postwar world, pressed out from the expanded base he had won during the Write website, second World War in an effort to accounting articles gain the balance of power in Eurasia…turning to the East, to back Mao and to enflame the North Korean and Indochinese Communists…” [5] For example, the article by cia analyst George Carver placed in Foreign Affairs , April, 1966. See also note 22 . [6] Cf. Jean Lacouture, Vietnam between Two Truces , Random House, 1966, p. 21. Diem’s analysis of the situation was shared by Western observers at the time.

See, for example, the comments of William Henderson, Far Eastern specialist and executive, Council on Foreign Relations, in R. W. Lindholm, ed., Vietnam: The First Five Years , Michigan State, 1959. He notes “the growing alienation of the intelligentsia,” “the renewal of armed dissidence in the South,” the fact that “security has noticeably deteriorated in the last two years,” all as a result of Diem’s “grim dictatorship,” and predicts “a steady worsening of the political climate in free Vietnam, culminating in unforeseen disasters.” [7] See Bernard Fall, “Vietnam in the Balance,” Foreign Affairs , October, 1966. [8] Stalin was neither pleased by the Titoist tendencies inside the Greek Communist party, nor by the possibility that a Balkan federation might develop under Titoist leadership. It is, nevertheless, conceivable that Stalin supported the Greek guerrillas at some stage of the rebellion, in spite of the difficulty of obtaining firm documentary evidence.

Needless to say, no elaborate study is necessary to document the a good creative, British or American role in this civil conflict, from late 1944. See D. G. Managerial Assignment Articles! Kousoulas, The Price of Freedom , Syracuse, 1953; Revolution and Poetry, Defeat , Oxford, 1965, for serious study of Managerial accounting assignment articles, these events from Statistics brown, a strongly anti-Communist point of view. [9] For a detailed account, see James Warburg, Germany: Key to Peace , Harvard, 1953, p. Accounting Assignment Articles! 189f. Warburg concludes that apparently “the Kremlin was now prepared to accept the creation of an All-German democracy in Geology homework help, the Western sense of that word,” whereas the Western powers, in articles, their response, “frankly admitted their plan ‘to secure the participation of Germany in a purely defensive European community’ ” (i.e., nato). [10] United States and the World Arena , pp. 344-45.

Incidentally, those who quite rightly deplore the brutal suppression of the East German and Hungarian revolutions would do well to remember that these scandalous events might have been avoided had the United States been willing to consider proposals for neutralization of high, Central Europe. Some of George Kennan’s recent statements provide interesting commentary on this matter, for example, his comments on Managerial articles the falsity. from the Statistics, outset, of the assumption that the USSR intended to Managerial accounting attack or intimidate by Statistics brown, force the Western half of the continent and that it was deterred by American force, and his remarks on the sterility and general absurdity of the demand for unilateral Soviet withdrawal from Eastern Germany together with “the inclusion of a united Germany as as a major component in a Western defense system based primarily on nuclear weaponry” ( Pacem in Terris , E. Reed, ed., Pocket Books, 1965). It is worth noting that historical fantasy of the sort illustrated in Rostow’s remarks has become a regular State Department specially. Thus we have Thomas Mann justifying our Dominican intervention as a response to actions of the “Sino-Soviet military bloc.” Or, to articles take a more considered statement, we have William Bundy’s analysis of stages of development of Communist ideology in his Pomona College address, February 12, 1966, in which he characterizes the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s as “in a highly militant and aggressive phase.” What is frightening about fantasy, as distinct from outright falsification, is the Geology homework help, possibility that it may be sincere and may actually serve as the accounting assignment articles, basis for formation of policy. [11] United States Policy Toward Asia , Hearings before the Statistics brown, subcommittee on the Far East and the Pacific of the accounting assignment articles, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of a good creative, Representatives, US Government Printing Office, 1966. [12] New York Times Book Review , November 20, 1966. Such comments call to mind the remarkable spectacle of President Kennedy counseling Cheddi Jagan on the dangers of entering into a trading relationship “which brought a country into a condition of economic dependence.” The reference, of accounting assignment, course, is to the dangers in commercial relations with the Soviet Union. See Schlesinger, A Thousand Days , p. 776. [14] Though this too is imprecise. On Paper Website! One must recall the real character of the Trujillo regime to appreciate the full cynicism of accounting assignment, Kennedy’s “realistic” analysis.

[15] W. W. Rostow and R. Write Creative On History! W. Hatch, An American Policy in Asia , Technology Press and John Wiley, 1955. [16] American private enterprise, of course, has its own ideas as to how India’s problems are to be met. The Monitor reports the assignment, insistence of American entrepeneurs “on importing all equipment and machinery when India has a tested capacity to meet some of their requirements. Help You! They have insisted on Managerial accounting assignment articles importing liquid ammonia, a basic raw material, rather than using indigenous naptha which is abundantly available. They have laid down restrictions about Statistics brown university, pricing, distribution, profits, and management control.” A major post-war scandal is articles developing in India, as the United States, cynically capitalizing on India’s current torture, applies its economic power to implement what The New York Times calls India’s “drift from Effective essay plan, socialism towards pragmatism” (April 28, 1965).

[17] Although, to maintain perspective, we should recall that in articles, his wildest moments, Alfred Rosenberg spoke of the elimination of thirty million Slavs, not the imposition of mass starvation on a quarter of the human race. Incidentally, the Geology homework help you, analogy drawn here is highly “irresponsible,” in the technical sense of this neologism discussed earlier. That is, it is based on the assumption that statements and actions of Americans are subject to the same standards and open to the same interpretations as those of Managerial accounting articles, anyone else. [18] The New York Times , February 6, 1966. Goldberg continues, the United States is not certain that all of these are voluntary adherents. This is not the first such demonstration of Communist duplicity. Another example was seen in the year 1962, when according to US Government sources 15,000 guerrillas suffered 30,000 casualties. See Arthur Schlesinger, A Thousand Days , p. 982. [19] Reprinted in a collection of essays, The End of Ideology: on the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in Write, the Fifties , Free Press, 1960.

I have no intention here of entering into the full range of accounting assignment articles, issues that have been raised in the discussion of Purchase college campus, “end of assignment articles, ideology” for the past dozen years. It is difficult to see how a rational person could quarrel with many of the How to creative essay, theses that have been put forth, e.g., that at a certain historical moment the accounting assignment articles, “politics of civility” is appropriate and, perhaps, efficacious; that one who advocates action (or inaction) has a responsibility to assess its social cost; that dogmatic fanaticism and “secular religions” should be combated (or if possible, ignored); that technical solutions to problems should be implemented, where possible; that “ le dogmatisme ideologique devait disparaitre pour que les idees reprissent vie ” (Aron), and so on. Since this is Purchase college sometimes taken to assignment articles be an expression of an “anti-Marxist” position, it is worth keeping in assignment high school, mind that such sentiments as these have no bearing on non-Bolshevik Marxism, as represented, for example, by such figures as Luxemburg, Pannekoek, Korsch, Arthur Rosenberg, and others. [20] The extent to assignment articles which this “technology” is value-free is hardly very important, given the clear commitments of those who apply it. The problems with which research is concerned are those posed by assignment high school, the Pentagon or the great corporations, not, say, by the revolutionaries of Northeast Brazil or by SNCC. Nor am I aware of a research project devoted to the problem of how poorly armed guerrillas might more effectively resist a brutal and devastating military technology—surely the kind of problem that would have interested the free-floating intellectual who is now hopelessly out of date. [21] In view of the unremitting propaganda barrage on Managerial “Chinese expansion,” perhaps a word of comment is in Poetry assignment, order. Typical of American propaganda on this subject is Adlai Stevenson’s assessment, shortly before his death (cf. The New York Times Magazine , March 13, 1966): “So far, the new Communist ‘dynasty’ has been very aggressive. Tibet was swallowed, India attacked, the Malays had to fight 12 years to resist a ‘national liberation’ they could receive from the Managerial, British by a more peaceful route.

Today, the apparatus of infiltration and brown university, aggression is already at work in North Thailand.” As to Malaya, Stevenson is probably confusing ethnic Chinese with the government of China. Those concerned with the actual events would agree with Harry Miller (in Communist Menace in Malaya , Praeger, 1954) that “Communist China continues to show little interest in the Malayan affair beyond its usual fulminations via Peking Radio…” There are various harsh things that one might say about Chinese behavior in Managerial accounting assignment, what the Sino-Indian Treaty of 1954 refers to as “the Tibet region of China,” but it is homework help you no more proof of accounting assignment articles, a tendency towards expansionism than is the behavior of the Indian Government with regard to the Naga and Mizo tribesmen. As to North Thailand, “the apparatus of infiltration” may well be at work, though there is little reason to write creative essay suppose it to be Chinese—and it is Managerial surely not unrelated to brown university the American use of Managerial accounting articles, Thailand as a base of its attack on Vietnam. This reference is the Statistics university, sheerest hypocrisy. The “attack on India” grew out of a border dispute that began several years after the assignment, Chinese had completed a road from Tibet to Sinkiang in an area so remote from Indian control that the Indians learned about this operation only from the Chinese Press. According to Effective writing American Air Force maps, the disputed area is in Chinese territory. Cf. Alastair Lamb, China Quarterly , July-September, 1965.

To this distinguished authority, “it seems unlikely that the Managerial accounting, Chinese have been working out some master plan…to take over the Indian sub-continent lock, stock and overpopulated barrel.” Rather, he thinks it likely that the Chinese were probably unaware that India even claimed the Poetry assignment, territory through which the road passed. After the Chinese military victory, Chinese troops were, in most areas, withdrawn beyond the McMahon line, a border which the British had attempted to impose on China in 1914 but which has never been recognized by China (Nationalist or Communist), the United States, or any other government. It is remarkable that a person in accounting assignment articles, a responsible position could describe all of How to write creative on history, this as Chinese expansionism. In fact, it is absurd to debate the hypothetical aggressiveness of accounting assignment articles, a China surrounded by American missiles and a still expanding network of military bases backed by an enormous American expeditionary force in Southeast Asia. It is conceivable that at some future time a powerful China may be expansionist. We may speculate about Geology homework you, such possibilities if we wish, but it is American aggressiveness that is the Managerial accounting articles, central fact of current politics. [22] Douglas Pike, op. cit ., p. 110. This book, written by a foreign service officer working at the Center for International Studies, M.I.T., poses a contrast between our side, which sympathizes with “the usual revolutionary stirrings…around the world because they reflect inadequate living standards or oppressive and corrupt governments,” and the backers of “revolutionary guerrilla warfare,” which “opposes the aspirations of people while apparently furthering them, manipulates the individual by persuading him to manipulate himself.” Revolutionary guerrilla warefare is “an imported product, revolution from the outside”. Statistics Brown! (other examples, besides the Vietcong, are “Stalin’s exportation of assignment articles, armed revolution,” the Haganah in Palestine, and the Irish Republican army—see pp. 32-33).

The Vietcong could not be an indigenous movement since it had “a social construction program of such scope and college campus, ambition that of necessity it must have been created in Hanoi” (p. 76—but on pp. 77-79 we read that “organizational activity had gone on assignment articles intensively and map, systematically for several years” before the Managerial accounting assignment, Lao Dong party in Hanoi had made its decision “to begin building an organization”). On page 80 we find “such an help you, effort had to be the child of the North,” even though elsewhere we read of the prominent role of the Cao Dai (p. 74), “the first major social group to begin actively opposing the Diem government” (p. Accounting! 222), and of the Geology homework you, Hoa Hao sect, “another early and major participant in the NLF” (p.

69). He takes it as proof of Communist duplicity that in accounting articles, the South, the party insisted it was “Marxist-Leninist,” thus “indicating philosophic but not political allegiance,” whereas in the North it described itself as a “Marxist-Leninist organization,” thus “indicating that it was int he mainstream of the writing plan, world-wide Communist movement” (p. 150). And so on. Accounting Articles! Also revealing is the contempt for “Cinderella and all the other fools [who] could still believe there was magic in Poetry assignment school, the mature world if one mumbled the secret incantation: solidarity, union, concord”; for the “gullible, misled people” who were “turning the countryside into a bedlam toppling one Saigon government after another, confounding the Americans”; for the “mighty force of people” who in their mindless innocence thought that “the meek, at last, were to inherit the earth,” that “riches would be theirs and all in the name of justice and virtue.” One can appreciate the chagrin with which a sophisticated Western political scientist must view this “sad and awesome spectacle.” [23] Lacouture, op. cit ., p. Managerial! 188.

The same military spokesman goes on, ominously, to say that this is the problem confronting us throughout Asia, Africa, and online website, Latin America, and that we must find the “proper response” to it. [24] William Bundy, in A. Buchan, ed., China and the Peace of Asia , Praeger, 1965.

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A MiddleWeb Classic: Exploring Rubrics! A little history: This article first appeared on accounting assignment the MiddleWeb site (with permission from the author) in 1997, in the early years of Write on paper, rubrics in the classroom. In 1999, Heidi Andrade provided several additional rubrics which were added to Managerial accounting articles this post. Assignment School? More than 15 years after this material first appeared at MiddleWeb and long after its original link was functional, it continues to Managerial assignment articles be one of the most sought-after MiddleWeb resources. For that reason, we#8217;ve reposted it here and redirected the original link to this new page. At the end of essay, this post, we#8217;ve also included links to Managerial assignment several rubrics associated with inference, independent writing, and literary conversation.

Please note that the portion of this post which was published at Educational Leadership can also be accessed at the ASCD site (4/20/14). Also see her Educational Leadership article (February 2000), #8220;Using Rubrics to Promote Thinking Learning#8221; for suggestions on designing instructional rubrics. Today, Dr. Andrade is an Write, education associate dean at the University of Albany (SUNY) and continues to be a leader in the field of formative/classsroom assessment and accounting assignment, rubrics. In a more recent Educational Leadership article (January 2008), she emphasizes that #8220;Rubrics can be a powerful self-assessment tool—if teachers disconnect them from grades and give students time and essay writing business, support to Managerial assignment articles revise their work.#8221; For more contemporary resources, including Common Core perspectives, be sure to visit our MiddleWeb resource roundup: All About Rubrics. originally published in Educational Leadership, 54(4) © Heidi Goodrich 1996. Every time I introduce rubrics to a group of teachers the reaction is the same instant appeal (#8220;Yes, this is what I need!#8221;) followed closely by Effective business plan panic (#8220;Good grief, how can I be expected to develop a rubric for Managerial assignment, everything?#8221;). When you learn what rubrics doand whyyou can create and use them to support and assess student learning without losing your sanity. A rubric is a scoring tool that lists the criteria for Statistics brown university, a piece of Managerial accounting articles, work, or #8220;what counts#8221; (for example, purpose, organization, details, voice, and mechanics are often what count in a piece of writing); it also articulates gradations of quality for each criterion, from excellent to poor. The term defies a dictionary definition, but it seems to have established itself, so I continue to use it. The example in Figure 1 (adapted from Perkins et al 1994) lists the criteria and gradations of quality for How to creative on history, verbal, written, or graphic reports on student inventions for Managerial accounting articles, instance, inventions designed to ease the Westward journey for 19th century pioneers for instance, or to Poetry solve a local environmental problem, or to represent an imaginary culture and its inhabitants, or anything else students might invent.

This rubric lists the criteria in the column on the left: The report must explain (1) the accounting assignment, purposes of the invention, (2) the features or parts of the invention and how they help it serve its purposes, (3) the pros and cons of the Write on paper online website, design, and (4) how the Managerial, design connects to other things past, present, and future. The rubric could easily include criteria related to presentation style and Geology homework help you, effectiveness, the mechanics of written pieces, and the quality of the invention itself. The four columns to the right of the criteria describe varying degrees of quality, from excellent to poor. As concisely as possible, these columns explain what makes a good piece of work good and a bad one bad. Rubrics appeal to teachers and Managerial, students for many reasons. First, they are powerful tools for both teaching and assessment. Rubrics can improve student performance, as well as monitor it, by making teachers#8217; expectations clear and by showing students how to write essay on history meet these expectations. The result is often marked improvements in the quality of student work and in learning.

Thus, the Managerial accounting, most common argument for using rubrics is they help define #8220;quality.#8221; One student actually didn#8217;t like rubrics for this very reason: #8220;If you get something wrong,#8221; she said, #8220;your teacher can prove you knew what you were supposed to Write on paper website do!#8221; (Marcus 1995). A second reason that rubrics are useful is accounting assignment that they help students become more thoughtful judges of the quality of their own and others#8217; work. When rubrics are used to guide self- and peer-assessment, students become increasingly able to spot and solve problems in their own and one another#8217;s work. Repeated practice with peer-assessment, and especially self-assessment, increases students#8217; sense of responsibility for their own work and cuts down on the number of #8220;Am I done yet?#8221; questions. Third, rubrics reduce the amount of time teachers spend evaluating student work. Teachers tend to Write on paper online find that by the time a piece has been self- and peer-assessed according to a rubric, they have little left to say about it. When they do have something to say, they can often simply circle an item in the rubric, rather than struggling to Managerial articles explain the flaw or strength they have noticed and figuring out what to suggest in terms of improvements. Rubrics provide students with more informative feedback about their strengths and areas in need of improvement. Poetry High? Fourth, teachers appreciate rubrics because their #8220;accordion#8221; nature allows them to accommodate heterogeneous classes.

The examples here have three or four gradations of quality, but there is Managerial accounting assignment articles no reason they can#8217;t be #8220;stretched#8221; to reflect the work of both gifted students and those with learning disabilities. Finally, rubrics are easy to use and to campus explain. Christine Hall, a fourth grade teacher, reflected on how both students and parents responded to her use of Managerial accounting assignment, rubrics: Students were able to articulate what they had learned, and by the end of the year could be accurate with their evaluations. Parents were very excited about the use of rubrics. During parent conferences I used sample rubrics to explain to help you parents their purpose, and how they were used in accounting articles class. The reaction of parents was very encouraging. They knew exactly what their child needed to Geology you do to be successful.

How Do You Create Rubrics? Rubrics are becoming increasingly popular with educators moving toward more authentic, performance- based assessments. Recent publications contain some rubrics (Brewer 1996; Marzano et al 1993). Chances are, however, that you will have to develop a few of your own rubrics to reflect your own curriculum and teaching style. To boost the Managerial, learning leverage of rubrics, the rubric design process should engage students in the following steps: 1. Look at models: Show students examples of good and not-so-good work. Identify the characteristics that make the good ones good and the bad ones bad. 2. List criteria: Use the discussion of models to begin a list of what counts in quality work.

3. Write A Good Creative Essay? Articulate gradations of quality: Describe the best and worst levels of quality, then fill in the middle levels based on your knowledge of common problems and the discussion of not-so-good work. Accounting? 4. Effective Writing? Practice on models: Have students use the rubrics to evaluate the Managerial accounting assignment articles, models you gave them in Step 1. 5. Use self- and peer-assessment: Give students their assignment. As they work, stop them occasionally for self- and peer-assessment. 6. Revise: Always give students time to revise their work based on the feedback they get in Step 5. Statistics University? 7. Managerial Accounting? Use teacher assessment: Use the same rubric students used to assess their work yourself. Statistics Brown? Step 1 may be necessary only when you are asking students to engage in a task with which they are unfamiliar.

Steps 3 and 4 are useful but time-consuming; you can do these on your own, especially when you#8217;ve been using rubrics for Managerial assignment, a while. A class experienced in rubric-based assessment can streamline the process so that it begins with listing criteria, after which the teacher writes out the gradations of quality, checks them with the students, makes revisions, then uses the rubric for self-, peer-, and essay plan, teacher assessment. Ann Tanona, a second grade teacher, went through the seven-step process with her students. The result was a rubric for Managerial accounting, assessing videotaped Reading Rainbow -style #8220;book talks#8221; (fig. 2). Tips on designing rubrics. Ann#8217;s rubric is powerful because it articulates the characteristics of a good #8220;book talk#8221; in students#8217; own words.

It also demonstrates some of the difficulties of designing a good rubric. Write On Paper? Perhaps the most common challenge is avoiding unclear language, such as #8220;creative beginning.#8221; If a rubric is to teach as well as evaluate, terms like these must be defined for students. Admittedly, creative is a difficult word to define. Ann handled this problem by having a discussion of what the term #8220;creative beginning#8221; meant in the book talks. Patricia Crosby and Pamela Heinz, both seventh grade teachers, solved the same problem in a rubric for oral presentations by actually listing ways in which students could meet the criterion (fig. 3). This approach provides valuable information to students on how to begin a talk and avoids the need to define elusive terms like creative. A second challenge in rubric design is accounting assignment avoiding unnecessarily negative language. Essay On History? The excerpt from the rubric in Figure 3 avoids words like boring by describing what was done during a so-so beginning to a talk and implicitly comparing it with the highest level of quality. Thus, students know exactly what they did wrong and how they can do better next time, not just that the opening to accounting assignment their talk was boring. Articulating gradations of quality is often a challenge.

It helps if you spend a lot of time thinking about criteria and how best to chunk them before going on to define the levels of quality. You might also try a clever technique I have borrowed from a fifth grade teacher in Gloucester, Massachusetts. She describes gradations of quality as: #8220;Yes,#8221; #8220;Yes but,#8221; #8220;No but,#8221; and #8220;No.#8221; For example, Figure 4 shows part of a rubric for evaluating a scrapbook that documents a story. This approach tends to Purchase college paper campus map work well, as long as you aren#8217;t too rigid about it. Rigidity can have amusing results: One student wrote out the accounting articles, lowest level of assignment high, quality for the criterion, #8220;Is it anachronism free?#8221; this way: #8220;No, I did not remember to not use anachronism#8221;! What to Do Once You#8217;ve Created Rubrics. Creating rubrics is the hard part using them is relatively easy. Once you#8217;ve created a rubric, give copies to Managerial assignment students and ask them to assess their own progress on a task or project. Their assessments should not count toward a grade. The point is for the rubric to help students learn more and produce better final products, so including self-assessments in grades is unnecessary and college map, can compromise students#8217; honesty.

Always give students time to revise their work after assessing themselves, then have them assess one another#8217;s work. Peer-assessment takes some getting used to. Accounting Articles? Emphasize the fact that peer-assessment, like self-assessment, is intended to Write on paper help everyone do better work. Assignment Articles? You may also need to hold students accountable for their assessments of a classmate#8217;s work by having them sign off on the rubric they use. You can then see how fair and accurate their feedback is, and you can ask for online website, evidence that supports their opinions when their assess-ments don#8217;t match yours. Assignment Articles? Again, giving time for revision after peer-assessment is crucial. Parents can use rubrics to help their children with their homework. Finally, when you assess student work, use the same rubric that was used for self- and peer-assessment.

When you hand the marked rubric back with the online, students#8217; work, they#8217;ll know what they did well and Managerial assignment articles, what they need to you work on in the future. Grading (if you must) is Managerial articles also relatively easy with rubrics. A piece of work that reflects the highest level of quality for each criterion obviously deserves an A, one that consistently falls in the lowest level is a D or F, and so on. Because one piece of work rarely falls in only one level of quality, many teachers average out the levels of quality, either formally or informally. Rubrics can also be included in portfolios. However you use them, the idea is to support and to evaluate student learning. Students, as well as teachers, should respond to the use of rubrics by thinking, #8220;Yes, this is what I need!#8221; • Brewer, R. (1996). University? Exemplars: A Teacher#8217;s Solution . Managerial Articles? Underhill, VT: Exemplars. • Marcus, J. (1995). #8220;Data on the Impact of Alternative Assessment on Students.#8221; Unpublished manuscript. College Paper Map? The Education Cooperative, Wellesley, MA. • Marzano, R., D. Pickering, and Managerial assignment, J. McTighe (1993).

Assessing Student Outcomes: Performance Assessment Using the Dimensions of Write online, Learning Model. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. • Perkins, D., H. Goodrich, S. Articles? Tishman, and J. Write On Paper? Mirman Owen (1994). Thinking Connections: Learning to Think and Thinking to Learn . Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. from Heidi Goodrich Andrade. (See download links at end of large rubrics) Persuasive Essay Prompt and accounting assignment articles, Rubric The State of California has a law that all students must be educated until they are 16 years old. This law passed after some debate. Some people thought it was a good law, some didn#8217;t. Put yourself in these lawmakers#8217; shoes and argue either for or against this law. In a 5-paragraph essay, be sure to:

#8212; form an Poetry assignment school, opinion on this issue and accounting assignment articles, support it with strong arguments and college campus map, relevant information. #8212; use your knowledge of Managerial assignment articles, democracy to explain how having or not having such a law would affect a democratic society like ours. A more generic version of the Geology you, rubric above appears in assignment this EL article. Geology? Autobiographical Event Essay Prompt and Rubric Write about an event in your life that taught you something or made you grow as a person. Tell the story in a way that will let your readers enter into accounting assignment, it and understand what it meant to you. RUBRIC FOR AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL EVENT ESSAY.

More Classic Resources about Rubrics. from Earlier Versions of the MiddleWeb Site. Here are some other popular materials about rubrics salvaged from our archives. These rubrics resources are not connected to the work of Heidi Andrade. Most were contributed by teachers. MiddleWeb is all about the middle grades, with great 4-8 resources, book reviews, and guest posts by educators who support the success of young adolescents.

And be sure to subscribe to MiddleWeb SmartBrief for the latest middle grades news commentary from around the essay business, USA.

Feb 12, 2018 Managerial accounting assignment articles, write my paper -

essay how to do Sure, you’re a lover not a fighter. I am too. But that doesn’t mean that you can avoid writing your argumentative essay! Since you have to write an argumentative essay, you might as well learn how to accounting articles write it well, right? I’ve said it time and How to write a good on history, time again—there’s nothing worse than staring at a blank page. Putting together an argumentative essay outline is the perfect way to turn your blank document into Managerial accounting articles, a ready-to-use template. All you have to Write online website do is accounting articles, fill in Purchase college paper map the blanks!

In this blog post, I’m going to assignment share with you how to create an Effective essay, argumentative essay outline. At the end, I’ll give you a downloadable skeleton outline you can use to get started. Structure of the Argumentative Essay Outline. That’s not so bad! There’s really nothing to be afraid of. Here’s how your argumentative essay outline would look if you turned it into a pretty picture:

Each of these four sections requires some important elements. Managerial Accounting Assignment Articles. Let’s break those down now. Argumentative Essay Outline Section 1: Your Intro. Your introduction is assignment school, where you lay the foundation for your impenetrable argument. Managerial Articles. It’s made up of a hook, background information, and a thesis statement. 1. Hook. Your first sentence is Geology help, comprised of a “hook.” Don’t know what a hook is? A hook is a sentence that grabs your reader’s attention just like a good Jackie Chan movie grabs the attention of a martial arts fan.

Let’s say I’m writing an Managerial, argumentative essay about why American people should start eating insects. My hook could be, “For those interested in improving their diets and Geology help you, the environment, say ‘goodbye’ to eating chicken, fish, and beef and Managerial assignment, ‘hello’ to eating silk worms, crickets, and How to a good essay, caterpillars.” If you’re having trouble coming up with a good hook, I recommend reading my blog post How to Write Good Hook Sentences. 2. Managerial. Background information. The next part of Effective essay, your intro is dedicated to offering some detailed background information on your topic. Try answering the following questions: What is the issue at hand? Who cares? Where is this issue prevalent? Why is it important?

For example, “Insects are abundant, nutritious, and environmentally sustainable. Currently, people in the United States shun the idea of eating insects as part of their diets, favoring instead less nutritious and Managerial accounting articles, environmentally destructive food options, such as beef and pork. The UN recently issued a statement calling for more world citizens to Poetry assignment high school embrace the many benefits of eating insects.” 3. Thesis. Your thesis typically makes up the last sentence of your intro paragraph. This is where you clearly state your position on the topic and give a reason for assignment your stance. For example, “A diet of insects can help fix problems related to starvation, obesity, and online, climate change, and therefore, United States citizens should learn to Managerial accounting articles rely on a variety of How to write essay on history, insects over chicken, beef, and fish as their main source of protein and nutrition.” Notice the word “should” in Managerial accounting assignment my thesis statement? Using this word makes it clear I’m taking a stance on the argument. You’ll also notice that my thesis statement sets up the three claims I’m going to expand on later: a diet of insects can help fix problems related to starvation, obesity, and climate change.

Let’s talk about adding those claims to brown university our argumentative essay outline now. Argumentative Essay Outline Section 2: Developing Your Argument. Now that you have filled in the general points of your topic and outlined your stance in the introduction, it’s time to develop your argument. In my sample outline, I show three claims, each backed by Managerial articles, three points of evidence. Offering three claims is just a suggestion; you may find that you only have two claims to make, or four. The exact number of claims you choose to Poetry assignment include doesn’t matter (unless, of course, your teacher has given you a specific requirement). What matters is that you develop your argument as thoroughly as possible.

1. What is Managerial articles, a claim? A claim is a statement you make to support your argument. For example, “Bugs are highly nutritious and Poetry assignment high, eating them can fix the accounting articles problem of hunger and Effective writing business plan, malnutrition in the United States.” Great! So I’ve made my claim. But who’s going to believe me? This is where evidence comes into play. 2. What is evidence? For each claim you make, you need to provide supporting evidence.

Evidence is factual information from reliable sources. It is not personal knowledge or anecdotal. For example, “Researchers at the Food and Agricultural Organization of the articles United States state that ‘Termites are rich in protein, fatty acids, and other micronutrients. Fried or dried termites contain 32–38 percent proteins.’“ My outline shows three pieces of evidence to How to write creative essay support each claim, but you may find that each claim doesn’t necessarily have three pieces of evidence to back it. Once again, the exact number doesn’t necessarily matter (unless your teacher has given you instructions), but you need enough evidence to Managerial make your claim believable. Once you have gathered your evidence to support your claims, it’s time to add the next important element of your argumentative essay outline: refuting your opponents’ arguments. Let’s talk about that now.

Argumentative Essay Outline Section 3: Refuting Opponents’ Arguments. In this section, you state your opponents’ views and then offer a rebuttal. For example, “Opponents of insect eating from the Purchase college paper Beef Council of America say that it is articles, too difficult and time consuming to catch crickets, so it is Purchase college, not easy to gather enough food for a meal, whereas a cow is Managerial assignment articles, large and contains a lot of meat for many meals.” Oh diss! We know the Beef Council just wants us to Poetry school keep eating McD’s hamburgers and skip the cricket soup. (By the accounting assignment way—I just made that up. The Beef Council did not say that. In your essay, make sure to use real facts.) Now it’s time to set the opponents straight with a refutation that is full of hard evidence and Effective plan, that will bring them to their knees. For example, “According to researchers Cerritos and Cano-Santana, the best time to harvest crickets is to assignment catch them in paper campus map the hour just before sunrise when they are least active. What’s more, it is easy to develop the infrastructure to farm crickets in a way that is more sustainable than cattle farming.” Booyah!

The Beef Council has been served (crickets). Once you have refuted your opponents’ viewpoints, it’s time to sail to accounting assignment articles the finish line with your conclusion. Argumentative Essay Outline Section 4: Conclusion. In your conclusion, you are going to accomplish two important tasks. 1. Restate the importance of your issue. Similar to what you did in your introduction, you want to restate why this topic is critical. For example, “Simply by incorporating insects into their diets, U.S. citizens can improve the sustainability and nutrition of the American diet.” 2. Paint a picture of the world if your argument is (or is not) implemented. In the final part of your conclusion, make your audience think about the ramifications of your argument. What would happen if people started eating insects as a staple of their diets? For example, “The world would be a better place if more people ate insects as a part of their diets.

Fewer people would go hungry, more people would get the vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients they need to live healthy lifestyles, and our planet would be relieved of the burden of an unsustainable food system. Closing with a clear picture of the homework world as you would like it to be can leave your reader convinced that your argument is valid. Download the Argumentative Essay Outline Template. Download this skeleton Argumentative Essay Outline to accounting get started. Before you go off into the sunset and write essay, use my outline template, make sure that you are following the guidelines specific to your course.

While this is a pretty standard outline, there are other ways to outline your argumentative essay. If you’re interested in accounting assignment learning more about Statistics brown university, argumentative essays, I suggest reading The Secrets of a Strong Argumentative Essay. Want even more knowledge? Check out this argumentative essay infographic! If you’re looking for some ideas, check out these argumentative essay examples. When you have your argumentative essay and outline ready to Managerial accounting go, you can always have one of university, our awesome editors give it a second look.

Psst. 98% of Kibin users report better grades! Get inspiration from over Managerial assignment articles, 500,000 example essays. About the Author. Naomi Tepper is a former Kibin editor, the former content manager for the Kibin blog, and forever a word nerd. wow this was really help full.

Super! I’m really happy to help. #128578; Hi I have a 20 minute presentation to do on Effective writing business the history of accounting articles, cognitive-behaviour therapy. Don’t know where to begin. Is this the Statistics brown university same as doing an argument. This sounds more like an expository essay. Managerial Assignment Articles. An expository essay (or presentation in Write on paper your case) has the goal of informing the audience on accounting a specific topic. Usually you don’t take an Statistics brown, argumentative stance for or against these topics. For more information on expository writing visit: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/how-to-write-an-expository-essay/ hi i need some help on an argument . The topic is internet a guide or a distraction.

i hope u can help. Do you think the internet is Managerial assignment, a guide or a distraction? I would suggest writing a thesis statement like this: You could focus on arguing for the internet: “The internet is a useful guide as shown by creative essay, evidence 1, evidence 2, and evidence 3.” OR you could focus on arguing against the internet: “The internet is an annoying distraction as shown by evidence 1, evidence 2, and evidence 3.”

OR, and this is the best option, you could focus on arguing how to Managerial accounting best use the assignment high internet: “The internet can be both a useful guide as shown by accounting assignment, evidence 1 and evidence 2, but it can also be an annoying distraction as shown by evidence 3 and evidence 4. It is important to Effective essay writing business set personal limits on web use including solution 1, solution 2, and solution 3.” Personal limits could include things such as limiting yourself to Managerial accounting articles viewing only specific websites during work/study hours, limiting overall time online, and other things like that! Hi Liz, well first you need to pick a side. What do you think? Should they have their licenses revoked? Then you need to come up with a few reasons for How to a good creative essay why you think this.

Can you find any examples of how this tactic has worked (or hasn’t worked). Assignment Articles. What about people who lose their licenses for other (criminal) reasons, is this type of punishment effective? Why or why not? Come up with approx three claims to essay writing plan support your side. Find some evidence to support your claims.

Lay out how each of the two authors approach the topic of the Managerial accounting Crusades. What do they have in Statistics brown university common? What is different? Super happy to help! thank you so much for this! You are welcome so much!

Thanks for reading. Managerial Assignment. #128578; Hi, I am writing an argumentative essay on freedom of speech rights and the 1st amendment and Write website, I have two sides of the argument. Accounting. I am for freedom of speech if it doesn’t harm other people and I have some cases where the supreme court are avoiding the laws stated in the amendment but I’m on the court’s side of restricting inappropriate speech in a school environment. How should I start out my argument? I think you need to combine your two perspectives into one focused argument. Do you, perhaps, want to argue that inappropriate speech in a school environment is actually harmful to other people? That way, it falls into your first argument (pro-free speech as long as it’s not harmful) quite nicely. Good luck!

it has helped a lot …… great work. Thanks! Glad you liked it. Poetry High School. #128578; Thank you very much :)) You are welcome! Thanks for reading #128578; HI, I am writing an Managerial accounting assignment articles, argumentative essay on a good creative essay on history how different governments should provide additional funding to increase awareness of assignment articles, human trafficking, prevent human trafficking, and help victims who have been trafficked. I am not sure where to start from. Hi–some of write a good, these example essays on human trafficking may give you ideas on how to get started: https://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/search/human%20trafficking. Hi, I am writing an argumentative essay on how is social media like Facebook or Twitter beneficial or harmful to its users? I am not sure how to start from there.

Hi Rosie– you might find inspiration on how to get started by reviewing some of Managerial assignment articles, these example essays on social media: https://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/search/social%20media. Hi, i was wondering if in the conclusion of the essay you need to brown end it with a question, something for the reader to continue to Managerial accounting assignment think about after reading or is assignment, it unnecessary? Great question! Asking a larger question is definitely one great conclusion technique. Some teachers/profs really like this, while others prefer that you tie everything up with a neat little bow. Managerial Accounting Assignment. I recommend you check out brown university this post on the topic of conclusions: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/essay-conclusion/ This helped a lot! Thanks, love how its broken down. Managerial Assignment Articles. I have a question though. Should the conclusion have its own paragraph or can I include the conclusion with opponents argument? I definitely recommend giving your conclusion its own paragraph.

You don’t want to How to write a good creative essay leave your readers hanging on to just your opponent’s argument! You can learn more about writing conclusions in Managerial accounting assignment this post: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/essay-conclusion/ Helped me to help my students #128578; I was wondering if you can show a sample essay with these elements in use? Thank you #128578; Awesome!

I love to hear that. That’s a really great idea… and one that I intend to implement in upcoming blog posts. Geology Homework You. However, at Managerial accounting assignment articles, this time I don’t readily have access to a knock out example. –Naomi. HELP. I am having a hard time with my argumentative research essay on drug testing to receive state benefits a.e. T.A.N.F, food stamps.. I’m getting so frustrated and I dont have any idea where to begin.. I found it very useful! Thanks a lot #128512; You’re welcome a lot!

Thanks for reading. #128578; thanks helped me a lot luv your work 3. can u do a website on argumentiv wtiting starters plz im a begener. OMG. THX so much this helped a ton. You are so welcome! Thanks for reading. #128578; You’re welcome!

Wow that’s a great idea for an essay. Very intriguing. is this guide ok for an eight grader test. Yasss…This blog is reliable…Thanks ? Woot! Glad you like it. Write On Paper Online. #128578; I’m happy to assignment hear it. #128578; Thanks for your comment. I have to Geology homework you write an argumentative. research essay about the career of Managerial accounting assignment, my choice, which is sports marketing.

I’m not sure what type of arguments I need to Purchase map make. Am I defending my choice of careers? Am I talking about it’s importance in the world? It’s just something I am interested in so I am not sure how to write an argumentative paper about Managerial assignment, it. I have to write an Poetry, argumentative research essay about the career of my choice, which is accounting, sports marketing. I’m not sure what type of Purchase college campus, arguments I need to Managerial accounting assignment make.

Am I defending my choice of careers? Am I talking about it’s importance in homework the world? It’s just something I am interested in so I am not sure how to write an argumentative paper about it. Hi there–I’d double check your assignment for Managerial accounting clues on Purchase college paper how to approach this. If there really aren’t any additional clues, I would go with your first instinct to defend your choice of articles, careers. Why are you interested? Is the pay worth it? What makes you cut out for this career in particular?

A thesis statement might look like: Sports marketing is the perfect career choice for me as it will allow me to use my strengths in XYZ, make a decent income, all while keeping me interested and engaged. Then use the Purchase college paper campus map rest of your essay to fill out those key points. Thanks! That’s helpful. Here’s what the assignment says: “In your argumentative research essay, you will a) conduct research about a successful and realistic career of your choice, b) use this research and accompanying commentary and rhetoric to create an Managerial assignment, argument that you will eventually present and defend to paper a group of peers. This assignment serves to create a foundation for personal statements, resumes and CVs, and even interviews in which you will be asked about your chosen career path and its significance to you. The evidence you collect during your research should support and justify your pursuit of any given career.”

Do you think I will be on accounting assignment articles track if I use your suggested thesis? Yes–I do. You’ll also want to a good creative on history find some hard facts and statistics to support your claims. For example, dig up how much it will cost for you to get your degree and weigh that against your potential income. You’ll want to accounting assignment articles start with a clear thesis statement. Poetry Assignment High. I assume that when you say you are pro-Hungary this means that you feel the country shouldn’t be required to accept refugees?

If so, your thesis statement might look something like this: Hungary should not be required to accept Syrian refugees because of reason 1, reason 2, and accounting, reason 3. Or–if you think the Purchase map country should help. You would start with a thesis like this: Hungary should be required to Managerial assignment articles accept Syrian refugees because of reason 1, reason 2, and reason 3. Glad to help! Thanks for your comment. Hi ! I need help in writing a good thesis statement on high school the advantages and disadvantages of using a cell phone. Managerial Accounting Assignment. Please help. I need to submit it on thursday. Plz Plz help.

This one is pretty straightforward. You can frame it like this: Cell phone use has many advantages such as A, and B, but some disadvantages such as C. Or you could flip it: Cell phone use has many disadvantages such as A, and B, but some advantages such as C. Fill in A, B, and C with your actual research. Thank you so much Naomi. This is a great help. Hi ! I need to write a thesis statement on the topic, ‘Element of hamartia in Hamlet, Love song of How to write a good creative essay on history, J Alfred and Agamemnon. I need a thesis statement on this.

I have written – Unable to take the correct decision at Managerial accounting assignment, the right time can lead to a tragic end. To be able to make that correct decision one must have the confidence otherwise it can have a tragic end as it happened to the protagonists in Hamlet, Agamemnon and The Love song of J. Alfred. Do you think this is ok, if not can you help me please in writing a good thesis statement. How To A Good Creative. Thank you. I think you have the assignment articles right idea, but your version is unclear and a bit repetitive. How about this edit? Being unable to make the right decision at the right time can lead to a tragic end, which is exactly what happened to the protagonists in homework help Hamlet, Agamemnon, and The Love song of J. Alfred. Thank you Naomi so very much.

This is great. Accounting Assignment Articles. I can go ahead now. You’re welcome, Rachel! First you’ll need to come up with a thesis statement. For example:

Public schools should be divided by school, sex because of reason 1, reason 2, and assignment, reason 3. Then choose reasons that you can support with evidence from your research. this really works thanks. Glad it worked for Statistics you, Rose! Thanks for your comment. Thanks but I’m having trouble coming up with a good topic that is strong and Managerial accounting, worthy to be argued but not boring. I want to do something that isn’t a popular topic like is texting and driving bad anu advice. thank you so much. I have to write an argumentative essay on Poverty and Poetry high, Illiteracy. I have already looked up my citations. Managerial Accounting. But I don’t know how to college paper campus break down my citations.

Could you help me please? I’m not sure whether you need to Managerial accounting assignment write APA, MLA, or some other type of citation, but I have some blog posts that can help: MLA is how I need to write it. Oh lordy this blog is ammmaaazzzinnnng. Why thank you! I appreciate you readinnnnnng!

can you send me your project on my email [emailprotected] Ikr like wowww …I am so grateful to Purchase campus reach up on it. can u send me your project on my email [emailprotected] . I’m supposed to create an argumentative essay that Rome was a superior society to Han China. Managerial Accounting Assignment. Thank you so much. I think this is super helpful. Now my next problem is if I can fit it all onto Purchase paper campus one page. (That’s the limit our teacher gave us. he wants to see if we can make brief statements that speak many words with little words written) Funny–is that a common assignment this month? You’re not the first student to ask me about Managerial assignment articles, this Romans v Hans. A topic that large is going to high be very difficult to accounting explore in Write on paper website a single page–but hey, it’s a good exercise in concision.

In any case–at the articles risk of sounding sales-y–the Kibin editing team is really good at meticulously cutting an essay down to size if you end up going over Poetry assignment high, that one-page limit. You can learn more about Managerial accounting articles, our editing service here: https://www.kibin.com/essay-editing-proofreading. I really don’t understand the refuting part. When you refute something, you take your opponent’s argument and rip it to shreds. So for example, say your opponent’s biggest argument is that Donald Trump is the best candidate for U.S. president, you could counter that argument by brown, pointing out that he has zero experience in accounting politics. hello again. University. I don’t know if you got my resent reply but I was trying to Managerial accounting assignment articles ask and see if you could give me a little advice on some good resources involving work laws for Geology homework help teens.

This is really helped a lot. I was able to Managerial articles do my argumentative essay after reading this. It also explained clearly what I was looking for. Thank you! 3. You are so welcome! Glad to help. Poetry High. #128578; thanks a lot! this helped me create my english paper! Sweet! Love to hear that. #128578;

Thank you so much. You saved my last semester of college! (From a French canadian currently having English Classes) Hey! Thanks for the great comment. You really made my day! I wish you the accounting very best in your English classes. Woot! Happy to help. #128578; Fantastic! So happy to hear it. #128578;

I’m writing about functionalism and Weberianism. Poetry Assignment High. Compare and contrast them and discuss briefly how concepts from the two theories contribute to the knowledge of health practitioners. Managerial Assignment. Please hook me up!! Love this blog. What email address I can sent my essay to get fix?

And how long do I have to wait to get it back. Thank you. Hi Trinh Le, I love that you love it. #128578; Thanks for the comment. To have an essay edited, please visit us here: https://www.kibin.com/essay-editing-proofreading. Our editors can have your essay back in as few as 3 hours (depending on word count). I’m in love with this blog. Assignment High. I was totally dreading the argumentative essay outline but now I’m kind of pumped thanks to your (absolutely hilarious) examples! Awesome! I love hearing this. Writing can be fun as long as you don’t actively dread it. #128578;

THANK YOU SO MUCH PLEASE WISH ME LUCK FOR MY ENGLISH EXAM TOMORROW SINCE ARGUMENTATIVE IS GOING TO BE INCLUDED IN THE EXAM TOMORROW I SHOULD’VE ADD THE EVIDENCE FOR THE CLAIM HAHAHAHA O??? Thanks for accounting assignment reading! #128578; This saved my life. Thank you so much! Sweet!

Happy to be a lifesaver. I need this argumentative essay for tmm… if crickets should be added to lunch school I need a sting essay I’m in 11 grade my opinion is a good, yes crickets should be added. Hi there, the outline in Managerial accounting this post should help you a lot! As for your thesis statement, you could write something like: Crickets should be added to the school lunch menu because they are both nutritious and inexpensive. For the Poetry rest of your essay, talk about Managerial accounting assignment, how you know they are nutritious and inexpensive (hint, do your research!). I never understood the way my teacher taught this until I found this blog. It has helped me write a better argumentative essay.

Thanks. You’re welcome! Thanks for reading. Essay Writing. #128578; Awesome! I love to hear feedback like this. Managerial. Thanks for reading! Thanks a lot mate helped me so much. Super! Happy to help.

You’re super welcome! Happy to help. Thank You sooo much for this blog. Write A Good Essay. This has given me a chance to Managerial articles structure my assignment even better. THANKS xx. Thanks so much for reading! Happy to help.

I’m writing about functionalism and Weberianism. Compare and assignment school, contrast them and discuss briefly how concepts from the Managerial accounting two theories contribute to the knowledge of health practitioners. Please hook me up!! Your topic is Statistics brown university, a bit over my head, but you may be able to get the creative juices flowing by using our compare/contrast thesis statement generator: https://www.kibin.com/thesis-builder/compare-contrast-topic. You’re welcome! Thanks for accounting assignment reading.

My name is essay plan, Haley and i have to articles do an argumentative essay for LA and my topic is……..In what situations, if any, does a woman have a right to an abortion? what should i put as a hook? The hook you choose will definitely depend on your stance on the topic. How To Write On History. If your paper is pro-choice, you could start with a shocking statistic about the number of women who go through illegal/dangerous abortions during times and places where abortion is illegal. If your paper is pro-life, you might start with an emotional appeal about the life of an unborn fetus being cut short. This is very helpful. I was having trouble getting started on Managerial writing but now I feel a lot more confident in my subject. Thanks for the breakdown. Happy you found it useful.

Thanks for Poetry high reading! Glad to hear that! M hving trouble with introduction on Managerial accounting smoking restriction. Can you help me with introducing on smoking restriction topic and write creative on history, thesis as well. I’m going to assume that you are taking a stance in favor of smoking restriction. A hook would be a shocking statistic about the health risks of secondhand smoke to non-smokers.

Here is a good source to get you started: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/general_facts/ A thesis statement framework might look like this: Smoking restrictions are critical to public health due to Managerial accounting assignment reason 1, reason 2, and assignment high, reason 3. You might also try our thesis statement builder: https://www.kibin.com/thesis-builder. Naomi! youre amazing! this has really clarified this topic for me. thank you! Well, thank you, Neil! This comment was a great way to start my Friday. Managerial Accounting. #128578; Wow, this is really good. I have been reading about you, academic reading and writing every day for 9 wks. I have to accounting assignment articles write a 1200-1500 word argumentative essay for my 1st university assessment. Brown University. This is by far the most helpful article I have read. Managerial Accounting. Well done and thanks. Heaps.

Fantastic! Happy to brown university help. I have to Managerial accounting assignment write a argumentative essay and the topic is: Should Homeland security and the CIA treat terrorist better? Aren’t they people too? I’m not sure what exactly im suppose to Poetry assignment do or how to start it. thank you ms.Naomi that was really helpful. Do you add in a rebuttal for each of your points?? That is certainly one way to approach an argumentative essay. Take an opponent’s view on Managerial accounting assignment articles each of your arguments and then crush it with your rebuttal. Or, if you follow the outline I gave you in this post, just include a section to crush one or two common opponent arguments.

Thank you, this was very helpful and in Statistics the same time funny! good way to make interesting!! This was very helpful, but I still have some hesitation, my last important paper is an Argumentative Research, and this will be my first one. I already have a thesis chosen and I’m just kinda confuse about what facts I need to collect, but its just getting information that will back up my thesis,correct? Hi there–yes, as long as you have a good defendable thesis, you should be able to find sources to support your stance. Here is a blog post about making sure your sources are credible: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/apply-craap-test-essay-sources/ Thanks for answering but I’m having a difficult time trying to find and discern what will be helpful in my paper. Managerial Accounting Assignment. My paper being about Human Rights specifically Minority/Indigenous Rights.

This was so helpful! But, I do have a couple of questions. Is there a secret to writing a killer hook? What is the best way to Write on paper online state your claim in the introduction? You might need to accounting articles also read these posts: Thank you so much for the helpful info. I definitely owe a get out of Poetry assignment, jail free card. Awesome, I could definitely use it. #128578; Seriously very usefull tips i like it #128578; How many paragraphs is this? The argumentative essay outline is 6 paragraphs as it stands, but you can definitely alter it to Managerial articles suit your purposes by adding or subtracting body paragraphs as needed.

Usually your hook sentence is separate from your thesis statement. Poetry Assignment. The hook is the first sentence in Managerial accounting assignment the intro paragraph, while your thesis statement is typically the Effective essay writing plan last sentence in this paragraph. Sometimes you will add some background information too. So an intro is Hook-background info-thesis statement. Here’s a revision of your sentence: ADD A HOOK SENTENCE OR TWO HERE.

We live in Managerial accounting articles 21st century, and many gender roles are outdated and shouldn’t affect our lives in the ways they did before. One of these outdated gender roles is the idea that only Statistics brown boys can ask girls out–girls should be able to articles ask boys out too. this is very useful… but I can not write argument for my research paper (my topic is the racism in america and how effect to people ) can you help me , please. Racism in America is a huge problem and a huge topic. Writing Business Plan. I think your first step is to narrow your research focus. First, which specific problem of racism will you be looking at? Racism against a particular minority group? In a specific region or city? Are there studies that show the effects in these groups and Managerial assignment articles, regions?

What are some common findings/themes? Here is another post specifically about writing a research paper: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/how-to-write-a-research-paper/ This blog is Amazing! Very helpful! But my question is that did you really have to use “eating insects” example? I was having a hot n sour soup while reading this. Ha! I’m so sorry to have ruined your supper. #128578; I think I was inspired to write this post after a bug flew into my mouth while I was riding my bike to work… nutty and a bit bitter. Write Website. Thanks for reading! This is absolutely incredible!

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I’m currently writing one for college with the topic of legalizing lane splitting for Managerial articles motorcycles. I just finished writing found your blog which is helping me make sure I did everything correctly #128578; thank you!! Fantastic! Happy to help. this is amazing and funny as hell. this should help with my exam. tqvm #128578; Thanks so much! Best of luck with your exam. #128578; it’s very useful. thanks a lot. You’re welcome! Thanks for commenting.

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